Evolution Review

Evolution Review

1. Shells, bones, insects trapped in sap, or traces of dead organisms are examples of? • Homologus structures • Vestigial structures • Fossils • adaptations

2. Fossils may form when….? A) an animal is buried in mud, tar pits, on the ocean floor, or in swamps B) an animal is buried by sediment C) an animal dies and decomposes D) A and B

3. Darwin made observations of organisms on…? • Hawaiian islands • Galapagos Islands • Caribbean Islands • British Isles

4. Darwin observed differences in beak shapes in species of finches. He concluded that these species probably had A) a common ancestor B) had migrated from Europe C) had descended from similar birds in Europe D) ate the same diet

5. Adaptation • is the process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment B) is a measure of an individual’s hereditary contribution to the next generation C) results from barriers to successful breeding between population groups in the same area D) is a short term process in which physiological changes take place in a single being in its own lifetime

6.Darwin proposed that evolution occurs A) during half-life periods of 5,715 years B) because of natural selection C) because of geological change D) only through artificial selection

7. A main idea in Darwin’s origin of species was A) species change drastically and quickly B) species change over time and never compete with each other C) species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species D) species change over time by natural selection

8.The process by which organisms with traits well suited to the environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the environment is ? A) adaptation B) natural selection C) genetic drift D) reproductive isolation

9. For natural selection to occur there must be ? A) Competition for unlimited resources B) Geographical isolation C) Genetic variation in species D) Stable environments

10. Increased competition is a likely result of ? A) plentiful resources and a small population B) variation within a population C) scarcity of resources and a growing population D) Gene flow

11. Because natural resources are limited, all organisms A) display homologous structures B) must migrate to new habitats C) will overproduce offspring D) must compete for resources

12. Insufficient resources and a growing population is likely to result in _______ ? • increased genetic variation B) Increased competition C) genetic equilibrium D) convergent evolution

12. Insufficient resources and a growing population is likely to result in _______ ? • increased genetic variation B) increased competition C) genetic equilibrium D) convergent evolution

Diagram for questions #13, #14, #15

13. If you were to analyze the DNA from these organisms you would find…? A) they all have the same number of chromosomes B) they all have the same number of bones C) they have identical DNA D) their nucleotide sequences show many similarities

14. The similarity of these structures is one form of evidence that these organisms • all grow at different rates • are of the same species • evolved instantly • share a common ancestor

15. Look at the bones labeled “x” in the above diagram. They are known as? A) fossil structures B) vestigial structures C) homologous structures D) adaptive structures

16. Structures in organisms that provide evidence that organisms shared a common ancestor A) homologous structures B) hybrid structures C) vestigial structures D) A and C

17. Vestigial structures are • anatomical structures that appear to be derived from a functional structure in an ancestor, but that currently do not serve an important function B) are a result of harmful mutations C) structures that have closely related functions but do not derive from the same ancestral species D) the remains of traces of an organisms that died long ago

18. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are ? A) vestigial structures B) hybrid structures C) divergent structures D) analogous structures

19. If a scientist observes that the same blood protein is present in a group of species, he/she will assume that this provides evidence thatthese species • evolved in different habitats B) descended from a different ancestor C) evolved in the same habitat D) descended from a common ancestor

20. Research results concerning modern evolutionary theory support the idea(s) that A) similarities in DNA will be found in closely related species B) similarities in amino acid sequences will be found in closely related species C) if species change over time, their genes should have changed D) all of the above

Data for question #21 Organism Number of cytochrome c amino acids that differ from human cytochrome c amino acids Chickens 18 Chimpanzees 0 Dogs 13 Rattlesnakes 20 Rhesus monkeys 1 Yeasts 56

21.Which is of the following statements is not supported from the above data table? A) rhesus monkeys are more closely related to humans than chickens B) dogs are more closely related to humans than yeasts are C) all of the proteins produces by humans and chimpanzees are identical D) the cytochrome c of chimpanzees differs from that of the rhesus monkey by only one amino acid

22. Divergent Evolution is (pg. 309) A) the accumulation of differences between populations that once formed a single population B) a measure of an individual’ hereditary contribution to the next generation C) when 2 or more species have evolved adaptations to each others influence D) the process by which different species evolve similar traits

23. A main idea in Darwin’s origin of species was A) species change drastically and quickly B) species change over time and never compete with each other C) species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species D) species change over time by natural selection

24. ________is the process by which different species evolve similar traits • convergent evolution • divergent evolution C) coevolution D) artificial selection

Evolution Review