470 likes | 618 Views
Towards Customized Emotional Design: an Explorative Study of User Personality and User Interface Skin Preferences. Willem-Paul Brinkman Nick Fine. Topics. Research Motivation Study 1: Explorative study into personality and skin preferences
E N D
Towards Customized Emotional Design: an Explorative Study of User Personality and User Interface Skin Preferences Willem-Paul Brinkman Nick Fine
Topics • Research Motivation • Study 1: Explorative study into personality and skin preferences • Study 2: Exploring initial findings with a specific set of skins • Conclusions & Future Research
Research Motivation Why considering emotion in design? “First, someone who is relaxed, happy, in a pleasant mood, is more creative, more able to overlook and cope with minor problems with a device - especially if it’s fun to work with….Second, when people are anxious, they are more focused, …, designer must pay special attention to ensure that all the information required to do the task is continually at hand, readily visible, with clear and unambiguous feedback about the operations that the device is performing.” (Norman, 2004, p.26)
Research Motivation • Emotion, Aesthetics, Fun, Self-image all Highly Personal • Segmenting user population?
Research Motivation • Personality traits: “dimensions of individual differences in tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions” (McCrae and Costa, 2003) • Example of dimensions of individual differences are Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness. Segmentation based on: • Personality traits • Gender • Age • etc
Research Motivation Segmentation for customized user interfaces, e.g. with skinning technology
Research Motivation Traits Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Conscientiousness Agreeableness Colour Font Style Theme Skinning properties
Study 1: Method • Focus on skin selection • Often users scan through a list of potential skins and select one • Selection is less based on interaction experience, but more on previous knowledge, taste and expectation.
Study 1: Method • Windows Media Player • Randomly selected 61 skins from set of 178 downloaded from the internet • 4 screen shots of each skin • Material • Measures • Participants • Procedure
Study 1: Method • Intention of selecting a specific type of skin “I would try this skin on my media player” • BIS/BAS scales: Motivation towards something desirable and undesirable (Carver and White , 1994) • IPIP-NEO Big-5 Model: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience (Buchanan, Johnson, and Goldberg, 2005). • Material • Measures • Participants • Procedure unlikely likely
Study 1: Method • 99 students and staff of School Computing, Information Systems, and Mathematics (Brunel University) • 58 males, 35 females, 6 unspecified • Age between 18 and 52 years. Median 20 years • Material • Measures • Participants • Procedure
Study 1: Method • Class Room Setting • Slides projected on large screen • Participants were first show complete set (reduce learning effect) • Next, set was shown again and participants rate each skin Example • Material • Measures • Participants • Procedure
Default Radio SKIN 1 Video CD / MP3
I would try this skin on my media player. Unlikely Likely Please rate the statement for the previous skin (1)
Default Radio SKIN 2 Video CD / MP3
I would try this skin on my media player. Unlikely Likely Please rate the statement for the previous skin (2)
Study 1: Method • Skins shown in sets of 10 • Afterwards participants completed BIS/BAS scale (24 questions) • Done in the class room • Participants were asked to complete IPIP-NEO inventory online and return the results afterwards • 120 questions • Only 17 participants return results • Material • Measures • Participants • Procedure
Study 1: Results Did participants use limited number of dimensions to rate the skins? • Standardized Skin rating: z-score transformation per participant • Principal component as factor extraction method • 19 components explaining 0.74 of overall variance • Examining varimax rotated component matrix • No clear interpretation of components Factor Analysis
Study 1: Results Females were more in favour of : Correlation with Gender Charming, ‘cute’ characters
Study 1: Results Females were more in favour of : Correlation with Gender Blue Purple Bright Colour
Study 1: Results Males were more in favour of : Correlation with Gender Muscular themes
Study 1: Results Males were more in favour of : Correlation with Gender Large or complex
Study 1: Results Participants more driven by pursuit of desired goals : Correlation with BIS/BAS BAS: Drive Participants less driven by pursuit of desired goals : Over-powering, dark vs light or bright
Study 1: Results High on motivation of avoiding undesirable situations : Correlation with BIS/BAS BIS Low on motivation of avoiding undesirable situations : Blue
Study 1: Results Participants select skins with represent similar personalities (adoption of Nass and Reeves’ hypothesis) Correlation with IPIP-NEO Similarity-Attraction friendliness Not-cheerfulness Not-neuroticism, Not-vulnerability
Study 1: Results Participants select skins with represent similar personalities (adoption of Nass and Reeves’ hypothesis) Correlation with IPIP-NEO Similarity-Attraction Depression, Self-consciousness (neuroticism) Immoderation, excitement-seeking
Study 1: Results Correlation with IPIP-NEO Colour? Extraversion, assertiveness Gregariousness, not-anxiety, not-anger Not-assertiveness Not-activity level Neuroticism, anxiety
Study 1: Conclusions and Limitations • Potentially links such as • gender and skin themes • Personality and colour • Similarity-attraction hypothesis • Very Preliminary Conclusions • Post-hoc analysis (large number of correlations examined) • Small sample size (IPIP-NEO) • Interpretation very subjective and lot of confounding variables
Study 2: Method Selecting or designing 4 skins for 17 categories • Material • Measures • Participants • Blue skins • Purple/violet skins • Grey skins • Bright skins • Colourful skins • Large, dark skins • Small skins • Medium size, squared shape skins • Complex interaction skins • Small and friendly creature • Friendly, charming ‘baby’ character • Humoristic skins • Action theme skins • Predator skins • Scary skins • Mildly scary skins • Standard skins
Study 2: Method • Skins shown in sets of 17 • Afterwards participants completed: • reduced version of BIS/BAS scale (15 questions) • reduced version IPIP-NEO (48) questions (only extraversion and neuroticism) • Material • Measures • Participants
Study 2: Method • 130 Undergraduates Computer science and Information System course • 83 male, 44 female, and 3 unspecified • Age: between 18 and 49 years, median 21 years. • Material • Measures • Participants
Study 2: Results • Highest mean rating (4.85) • 25% participants gave the skin their highest rating Designing for similarity or diversity • mean rating (4.84) • 35% participants gave the skin their highest rating
Study 2: Results Positive correlations between rating within skin categories • Analysing category rating • Internal consistency • Blue skins • Purple/violet skins • Grey skins • Bright skins • Colourful skins • Large, dark skins • Small skins • Medium size, squared shape skins • Complex interaction skins • Small and friendly creature • Friendly, charming ‘baby’ character • Humoristic skins • Action theme skins • Predator skins • Scary skins • Mildly scary skins • Standard skins
Study 2: Results Correlation with age Older participants were more in favour of Grey skins Younger participants were more in favour of humoristic skins
Study 2: Results Correlation with gender Female participants were more in favour of Friendly, charming ‘baby’ character Small and friendly creature
Study 2: Results Males were more in favour of Correlation with gender Small skins Medium size, squared shape skins Predator skins Scary skins
Study 2: Results High on motivation of avoiding undesirable situations : BIS scale Colourful skins Friendly, charming ‘baby’ characters
Study 2: Results Colourful skins negative correlation with gregariousness Similarity-attraction Action theme positive correlations cheerfulness Humoristic theme positive correlation cheerfulness, negative correlation depression
Study 2: Results Colour Same skin, only differs in colour
Study 2: Results • MANCOVA with repeated measures • Dependent variable: skin rating • Independent variable • between-subjects : (covariates) age, and personality scales; Gender • Within-subjects: skin colour • Significant two-way interaction effect between colour and BAS-Drive Colour Regression lines for skin rating from BAS-Drive scale
Study 2: Conclusions and limitations • Again found links such as • gender and skin themes • Personality and colour • Similarity-attraction hypothesis • Still Very Preliminary Conclusions • Interpretation skins is still subjective (observers interpretation)
Future work • Repeat study • Participants also rating skins on “skin dimensions” such “how humoristic would you rate this skin?” • Design new skins specific for categories • Systematic manipulation of skins • Extending the model
Future work Selecting a specific type of skin User Personality Current model However, correlations are relatively small!
User Task User Personality Future work Attitude towards selecting a specificskin type Intention of selecting a specific type of skin Relative importance Subjective Norm Adoption of Theory of Planned Control (Ajzen, 1985) Perceived Control
Questions Thanks for your attention