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Motion & Forces

This text explores the concepts of speed, velocity, and change in velocity, as well as the forces that cause these changes. Topics include the differences between speed and velocity, the role of forces in changing velocity, types of friction, the effects of gravity, Newton's laws of motion, and terminal velocity.

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Motion & Forces

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  1. Motion & Forces

  2. Speed & Velocity • Speed - the rate of change in position over time (distance/time) • Instantaneous speed • Average speed • How is velocity different from speed? Velocity describes both speed and direction

  3. Change in Velocity What makes an object change velocity?

  4. Force • Push or Pull • Forces can cause a change in velocity • Examples: Gravity Magnetism Friction

  5. Balanced Forces Forces that • act on the same object • are opposite in direction • are equal in size • NO MOVEMENT

  6. Balanced Forces Book on table • Weight of the book is downward force caused by gravity • Table pushes back with an equal and opposite force Net force is zero

  7. Unbalanced Forces Forces that are NOT opposite and equal What do they cause? Movement CHANGE IN VELOCITY ACCELERATION

  8. Friction Force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces Depends on the: • types of surfaces • force between the surfaces

  9. Types of Friction • Static Friction: (Couch Potato) • Force between objects at rest • Sliding Friction: (Ice skating) • Solid surfaces slide over each other • Rolling Friction: (Rollerblading) • An object rolls over a surface. • Fluid friction: (Submarine) • An object moves through a fluid

  10. Friction Friction is greater... • between rough surfaces • when there’s greater force between surfaces (such as more weight)

  11. Lubricant Changes sliding friction into fluid friction Example: Slipping on a mopped floor.

  12. Friction Is friction always bad?

  13. Gravity The attractive force between all objects in the universe. It is what holds our moon in place.

  14. Acceleration of Gravity Near the surface of the earth the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s/s

  15. Newton’s 1st Law An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted on by unbalanced forces.

  16. Newton’s Laws of Motion

  17. Newton’s 1st Law INERTIA • tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion • increases as mass increases • Example: When you are riding in a car. The car stops. You keep moving forward.

  18. Newton‘s 2nd Law If more force is applied, an object will be accelerated _____ more

  19. Newton’s 2nd Law • More force means more acceleration • More mass means less acceleration Force = mass X acceleration F = ma

  20. Newton’s 3rd Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces occur only in pairs • Act on different objects • Equal and opposite

  21. Newton’s 3rd Law The hammer exerts a force on the nail to the right. The nail exerts an equal but opposite force on the hammer to the left.

  22. Momentum

  23. Terminal Velocity The final speed of a falling object.

  24. Terminal Velocity Air resistance is offsetting the the weight of the object

  25. Forces End

  26. Force Aristotle's idea: For an object to move at a constant speed, a constant force must be applied.

  27. Force Newton’s idea: An object moving at a constant speed will continue at that speed without additional force being applied.

  28. Balanced Forces

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