Jesus Christ Has Many Names

1. Jesus Christ Has Many Names Chapter 7 Parts 1-4 Mr. Perrotti Freshmen

2. Knowing What the Words Mean • Words may mean different things at different points in history and in different contexts. That is why it is always important to know: - The Audience of the author - The Historical Sense of the writing - The true meaning of what the author is about to say. • In the Bible Jesus is referred to many different names to help us understand Him and His message

3. Words and More Words • It is awful; it is amusing; it is artificial. 21st Century English Translation: awful = awe inspiring amusing = amazing artificial = artistic

4. Literal Sense –What do the Words Mean! • It is even more essential that we understand the words applied to Jesus Christ in Scripture. • Understanding the context of the Scriptures allows us a deeper union with Jesus Christ.

5. Gospel Words to Describe Jesus Who is Jesus Christ?

6. Who is Jesus? • The branch of theology that attempts to answer this question is Christology. • How can he be both human and divine? • What does it mean to call him the Son of God? • Christology studies the nature, Person, and works of Jesus.

7. There are many titles applied to Jesus in the New Testament. Some of these, we examined in previous chapters: I AM – God Son of God – Begotten, not made Emmanuel – “God with us” The Word of God – Who always existed with God and is God Son of Man – Both human and divine, and will issue in God’s Kingdom

8. Other titles—or names— for Jesus give us even more insight into the Person of Christ. Rabbi A rabbi is a highly respected teacher of Jewish law or theology. Jesus is called “rabbi” fourteen times in the New Testament. We can tell from this, that he was respected and admired http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPoXbGu7D5Q&feature=related.com

9. Jesus the Christ • First of all, the word “Christ” comes from christos, a Greek word meaning “anointed. • It is the equivalent of the word mashiach, or Messiah, in Hebrew. • So, to be the Christ, or Messiah, is to be “the anointed one of God.”

10. Jesus as Prophet • Matthew 21:11 • The crowds answered, "This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.“ • This is Jesus The Prophet - That prophet whom Moses spoke of, Deuteronomy 18:18. I will raise them up a prophet - like unto thee, etc. Every expression of the multitude plainly intimated that they fully received our blessed Lord as the promised Messiah. -

11. Priest • One definition of a priest is a mediator between God and humanity. • It is this role of a priest that Jesus performs when he bridges the gap between God and us, by sacrificing himself for our sins. • He continues to do this in each celebration of the Eucharist. • This is how we celebrate the Paschal Mystery!

12. Jesus - The Son of God • The “Logos” • The incarnation • The Son of God made Man • Jesus was fully God and Fully Man • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Flt1i7Rp98.com

13. Jesus –The Lamb of God • In the Old Testament, the lamb sacrificed at Passover was a symbol of salvation and freedom from slavery. • Jesus gave up his life for the redemption of humanity, and became the sacrificial lamb of the New Testament. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIYa8M4whGY.com

14. Our King • Jesus was called “king” by the Magi who visited him after his birth. • He was also charged by Pontius Pilate with making himself king of the Jews. • For this he was sentenced to death. Jesus was not the king the people expected, but he is, indeed the King of Kings. • God gave Him the Kingdom of Heaven

15. Our Savior • Jesus’ own name means “God saves.” • This is most appropriate, for Jesus embodies the meaning of the word savior —“one who protects or saves from present or future danger.”

16. Jesus our Lord One having power and authority over others: Jesus Our ruler sent to us by the Father to whom service and obedience are due

17. Christian Symbols Teach about Jesus • As external signs of another reality, various Christian symbols can help us to understand Christ better. • Through the centuries symbols rooted in Scriptural quotes have been used in religious art to help Christians grasp important truths about Jesus.

18. Alpha and Omega In the Book of Revelation, Jesus tells us that he is the “Alpha and the Omega,” which are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This conveys that Jesus is the beginning and the completion of all history

20. I.N.R.I. • The Roman authorities posted the crime of those being crucified on their cross for all to see. • In Palestine, they affixed signs in three languages—Hebrew, Latin, and Greek; so that everyone would be able to read them. • The sign on Jesus’ cross said, “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” I.N.R.I is the abbreviation for the Latin, • Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudeorum.

22. Jesus Christ the Conqueror • The cross with the accompanying Greek letters conveys that Jesus has conquered sin and death. • IC are the first and last letters of the Greek word for Jesus; • XC are the first and last letters of the Greek word for Christ; • and NIKA is the Greek word that means “to conquer.”

24. CHI-Rho • Chi (X) and Rho (P) are the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ: • This familiar symbol for Jesus identifies him as the Messiah.

25. FISH The fish becomes a symbol for Christ and for Christians because of the anagram for the first letters of the words in a short creed: “Jesus Christ Son of God Savior.” In Greek: ΙησουςΧριστοςΘηουΥιοςΣωτηρ. The Greek word ІΧΘΥΣ means “fish.”

26. IHS I IHSare the first three letters of the name Jesus in Greek:

27. LAMB • Jesus is the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. With his passion and death, he made himself the perfect sacrifice to redeem us from our sins.

28. Jesus the Lamb • When Jesus is called the Lamb of God in John , it is referring to Him as the perfect and ultimate sacrifice for sin. • John the Baptist referred to Jesus as the “Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world” ,the Jews who heard him might have immediately thought of any one of several important sacrifices in which a lamb is used. • John was refereeing to the most sacred of all sacrifices, that which saved us all from sin!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEVVkf5DqX8.com

29. Church Councils Clarified Teachings about Jesus • With the guidance of the Holy Spirit, the Church issues statements about our beliefs so that they remain true to what has been handed down to us by the Apostles. • Early in its history, the Church had to respond to beliefs that were not consistent with the true faith handed down by the Apostles. • These statements against the Church are called Heresies

30. False Teachings • These false teachings are called heresies. When people developed mistaken ideas about Jesus, causing a heresy to circulate, the Church had to clarify what Catholics should believe by issuing clear statements. • Someone becomes a heretic when they refuse to refute their statement to the Vatican. Heretics are excommunicated!

31. During the first five centuries of Christianity, the Church Fathers helped clarify Church teaching about Jesus and the Trinity St. Irenaeus St. Athanasius St. Cyril of St. Leo Alexandria the Great These were important bishops, theologians, teachers, and scholars whose writings have greatly contributed to Church doctrine and practice.

32. Is Jesus really human? • The heresy of Docetism held that Jesus only appeared to be human. This belief was a form of Gnosticism, which claims that Jesus shared a secret knowledge with only a few close friends. Gnostics denied Jesus’ humanity and therefore his Resurrection. • The Gospel of John answered Docetism by telling us that the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.

33. St. Irenaeus • St. Irenaeus defended orthodoxy (true and established teaching) against Gnostic beliefs in his book Against Heresies. • The Gnostics believed that Jesus only came to a select few, and His message was a message of secrecy! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFTgq-Tb3UI.com

34. The Nicene Council • Is Jesus really God? • The teaching of St. Athanasius and the fathers of the Council of Nicaea was upheld at the second ecumenical council—at Constantinople in AD 381. Because of the leadership of St. Athanasius in defending the true teaching of Christianity, he is called the “Father of Orthodoxy” (true teaching)

35. Is Jesus really God? • Arianism became a dangerous heresy in the Third Century AD. Its originator, Arius, taught that Jesus was not God, but only the greatest of creatures, whom God adopted as his son. • This false belief threatened the unity of the Christian faith, and was vigorously combated by St. Athanasius and other Church leaders at the Council of Nicaea in AD 325. • Arianism was condemned as a heresy at the council, and the Nicene Creed was issued, which details the most essential beliefs of orthodox Christianity

37. How many persons are in God? • Another problem arose when Nestorius, the patriarch of Constantinople, taught that there were two persons in Jesus—one human and the other divine. Nestorianism also said that Mary was only the mother of the human Jesus, and should, therefore, not be called the “Mother of God.”

38. Thank you St. Cyril • St. Cyril of Alexandria defended the truth of Mary’s title as Theotokos— Greek for “God-bearer.” More importantly, this meant that Christ is one person with two natures—both human and divine. St. Cyril’s position was upheld at the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, and Nestorianism was denounced as heresy.

39. St. Cyril • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJ_UL6vQlqs.com

40. How many natures are in Christ? • Another heretic, Eutyches, said that the divine nature of Jesus completely swallowed up his human nature—so Jesus only had one nature, which is divine. This is called Monophysitism. • Monophysitism these people believe that Jesus’ Human Nature was like a drop of water in an ocean compared to His Divine Nature

41. Pope Leo the Great • Pope St. Leo the Great corrected this heresy, saying that Jesus is one Divine Person with two natures – both human and divine. His teaching was confirmed at the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451), and the Second and Third Councils of Constantinople (AD 553 and 680).

42. Three Ecumenical Councils of the Early Church • Nicaea, AD 325 – Summer home of Constantine • Ephesus, AD 431 – Dealt with the importance of Mary in the Church • Chalcedon, AD 451- reconfirmed what was said at Nicea about the nature of Jesus, truly Human and truly Divine.

43. Three Most Dogmatic TeachingsOur Book Describes 12 • Jesus is consubstantial with the Father. He is divine. (Nicaea, AD 325) • Mary is truly the Mother of God – Theotokos. (Ephesus, AD 431) • Jesus is one divine Person with two natures; human and divine. (Chalcedon, AD 451) • Dogma that came as a result of Heresies from 325 AD – 451 AD

44. The Council of Nicea 325 AD • Confirmed many truths about Jesus and God. • Confirmed without a doubt that Jesus was and always will be considered the Son of God, fully human and Fully God. • Confirmed the Church Dogma of the Holy Trinity, 3 person’s in one God. • Validated Mary as the Mother of God. • Compiled the cannon of the New Testament, the 27 books we currently have. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBszFV90ZSE.com

45. The Nicene Creed Summarizes Beliefs about Jesus • Our creed—written at Nicaea in AD 325—was endorsed and expanded at the First Council of Constantinople (AD 381). • It contains the essentials of the Christian faith. • It is called the Nicene Creed, slightly different from the Apostles Creed written a few hundred years earlier

46. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRqW10pTDmk.com • We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, one in being with the Father. Through Him all things were made..

47. Part 2 • For us men and our salvation He came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit, He was born of the Virgin Mary , and became man. For our sake He was crucified under Pontius Pilate; He suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day He rose again in fulfillment of the scriptures: He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end.

48. Part 3 • We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. With the Father and the Son, He is worshiped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen

49. Apostles Creed • I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary; suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried. He descended into hell; the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven, is seated at the right hand of God the Father Almighty;

50. Apostle’s Creed Part 2 • from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML9HJdOeAvE.com • The Nicene Creed was more concise and left nothing for the Heretics to dispute. Today in the Catholic Church a priest can use either or as the central core belief of both are the same: • Jesus is the Son of God made Man!!!!!