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Respiration

Respiration. Respiration. Release of energy from food – DON’T CONFUSE IT WITH GASEOUS EXCHANGE OR BREATHING. Respiration. Release of energy from food. Occurs in ALL cells; in the c__________ and the m_________. Respiration. Release of energy from food.

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Respiration

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  1. Respiration

  2. Respiration Release of energy from food – DON’T CONFUSE IT WITH GASEOUS EXCHANGE OR BREATHING.

  3. Respiration Release of energy from food. Occurs in ALL cells; in the c__________ and the m_________

  4. Respiration Release of energy from food. Occurs in ALL cells; in the c__________ and the m_________

  5. Sources of energy ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER.

  6. Sources of energy ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER. ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things.

  7. Sources of energy ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER. ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things. It is then charged up by food molecules – this process is called cellular respiration.

  8. Sources of energy ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER. ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things. It is then charged up by food molecules – this process is called cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose charges up 38 molecules of ATP.

  9. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

  10. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier.

  11. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier. The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond.

  12. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier. The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond. This bond is where energy is carried.

  13. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier. The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond. This bond is where energy is carried. When ATP (tri) gives up its energy, it loses a phosphate and turns into ADP (di).

  14. ATP ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier. The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond. This bond is where energy is carried. When ATP (tri) gives up its energy, it loses a phosphate and turns into ADP (di). ADP then goes back to the cytoplasm and mitochondria to be recharged.

  15. ATP Molecule

  16. ATP cycle

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg

  18. More carriers - NAD Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose.

  19. More carriers - NAD Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose. CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out.

  20. More carriers - NAD Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose. CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out. Hydrogen needs to be carried to the correct place – this is where NAD comes in!

  21. More carriers - NAD Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose. CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out. Hydrogen needs to be carried to the correct place – this is where NAD comes in! NAD is when it is empty – and NADH2 is when there is hydrogen (see! The H gives it away…)

  22. More Carriers – Co-enzyme A At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed.

  23. More Carriers – Co-enzyme A At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed. This can’t exist by itself – it needs a carrier to go to the next step = co-enzyme A

  24. More Carriers – Co-enzyme A At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed. This can’t exist by itself – it needs a carrier to go to the next step = co-enzyme A Carrying acetyl groups = acetyl co-enzyme A

  25. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Glucose forms pyruvate + ATP • C6H12O6  2CH3COCOOH + 2ATP

  26. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained)

  27. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained) • Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to 3 carbons)

  28. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained) • Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to 3 carbons) • Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become ________

  29. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained) • Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to 3 carbons) • Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become ________ • They carry this off to the mitochondrion membranes

  30. Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages • 1st stage: Glycolysis • Takes place in cytoplasm • Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained) • Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to 3 carbons) • Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become ________ • They carry this off to the mitochondrion membranes • No oxygen is needed in this part of the process

  31. Glycolysis

  32. Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2.

  33. Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2. The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP

  34. Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2. The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl.

  35. Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into inner matrix of the mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2 (waste) The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl. Besides ATP, H produced contains a lot of energy.

  36. Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into inner matrix of the mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2 (waste) The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl. Besides ATP, H produces contains a lot of energy. The most important part of this cycle, is that lots of NADs get filled up forming NADH2.

  37. Kreb’s cycle I will draw the diagram on the board.

  38. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

  39. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons.

  40. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons. These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

  41. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons. These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane. The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP

  42. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons. These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane. The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP Most ATP is produced in this process

  43. Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons. These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane. The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP Most ATP is produced in this process The electrons that leave the chain, combine with O and H to form H2O.

  44. Respiratory chain Oxygen + H ions + electrons form Water O2 + 4H+ + 4e- H2O

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