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A presentation on : Wildlife Conservation

A presentation on : Wildlife Conservation. Meaning of wildlife conservation. Wildlife: According to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, wildlife includes any animal, bees, butterfly, fish and and aquatic or land vegetation, which form part of any habitat.

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A presentation on : Wildlife Conservation

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  1. A presentation on:Wildlife Conservation

  2. Meaning of wildlife conservation • Wildlife: • According to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, wildlife includes any animal, bees, butterfly, fish and and aquatic or land vegetation, which form part of any habitat. • Example: lion, deer, crocodiles, whales, trees and shrubs in dense forests etc. Therefore, wildlife refers to living organisms (flora and fauna) in their natural habitats. • But cultivated plants and domesticated animals are not included in wildlife!

  3. Benefits of Wildlife • Wildlife is an essential component of various food chains, food webs, biogeochemical cycles and energy flow through various trophic levels. • Preserves vitality and health of environment and provides stability to various ecosystems

  4. Threats to wildlife Wildlife everywhere on the earth is under threat of extinction and struggling hard for survival. • Habitat loss : • Population growth, fast industrialisation , urbanisation and modernisation have all contributed to a large-scale destruction of natural habitat of plants and animals. • Pollution: • Air, water, soil and noise pollution of the magnitude and toxicity never seen before is the major factor. • Natural habitats have been destroyed or damaged by activities such as the indiscriminate use of synthetic materials, release of radiations and oil spills in the sea, generation of effluents and wastes of various kinds and toxicity, and their unscientific disposal. • Indiscriminate hunting: • Indiscriminate killing and poaching of wild animals for food, horn, fur, tusk etc. has resulted in reduction and even extinction of many wild species.

  5. Introduction of exotic species: • Many native species have known to disappear and their existence is under threat because of the introduction of exotic and alien species.

  6. IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS OF INDIA EX = Extinct EW = extinct in the wild CR = critically endangered EN= endangered VU = vulnerable NT = near threatened LC = least concern Conservation status

  7. Wildlife Sanctuary • A sanctuary is a protected area of land, wetland or sea reserved for the conservation of wild animals, birds and plants. India has over 492 wildlife sanctuaries.

  8. Conservation measures The conservation strategies should include the following programmes and policies: • Protection of threatened/useful plants and animals species living in natural habitats, zoological and botanical gardens, seed gene, tissue culture and DNA banks. • Preservation of critical habitats of animal and plant species plus the management of life supporting systems in the surrounding habitats. • Hunting and international trade in wild animals and plants products should be regulated and a strict vigil should be maintained upon these actions. • Role of government and NGOs in spreading awareness programmes among common people about values of wildlife and it’s conservation.

  9. IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) • The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature [UICN], in French) is an international organisation dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges". • The organization publishes the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species. • It works for the enlistment and preservation of endangered species of plants and animals. • Now known as the World Conservation Union, it aims to impart information about the distribution and status of threatened species, develop awareness about the importance of threatened biodiversity and guide their conservation programmes and actions.

  10. “Protected areas and threatened species could most effectively be safeguarded if local people considered it in their own interest to do so. Working with rather than against local people became a major working principle for IUCN.” “IUCN's stated vision is "a just world that values and conserves nature". Its mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable” The IUCN programme for 2013-2016.

  11. The union has identified and documented endangered species of plants and animals and has placed them into eight “Red list” categories. The red list categories can be regrouped into four main categories as follows: • EXTINCT SPECIES • ENDANGERD SPECIES • VULNERNABLE SPECIES • RARE SPECIES

  12. Other measures taken for Wildlife conservation • Breeding programmes for endangered species • Prevention of poaching, hunting and biopiracy

  13. Enforcement of legal provisions Some important legal provisions related to wildlife protection and conservation: • Forest conservation act, 1980 • National forest policy, 1988 • Wildlife protection act, 1972 ( amended 1991, 2002 )

  14. Forest conservation act, 1980 • India is one among a few countries in the world which has a Forest Act since 1927. • The act was reformulated in 1980 and later amended in 1988. The Act empowered the government and the forest department • To create and manage reserved forests, protected forests and village forests. • To protect non-governmental forests and forest land.

  15. National forest policy, 1988 • In the year 1952, India formulated her first forest policy. • The new forest policy emphasises conservation of forests as a natural heritage and ensures environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which is so vital for life and growth of all life forms including wildlife.

  16. Wildlife protection act, 1972(Amended 1991, 2002) The act was passed by the Parliament of India to protect India’s wildlife. Before 1972,India only had five designated national parks. Among other reforms, the Act established schedules of protected plant and animal species; hunting or harvesting these species was largely outlawed. The main objective of the Act are as follows: • Prohibition on hunting of specified plants and/or animals. • Setting up and management of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. • Control of trade and commerce in wildlife, and wildlife products. • Setting up of wildlife advisory board from state level to block and panchayat levels and empowering zoo authorities with control and management of zoos and for captive breeding.

  17. By: Utkarsh Singh

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