ABL-9

1. ABL-9 Able Navigation Rules Instructors: George Crowl

2. Course Outline a. Demonstrate a working knowledge of Navigation Rules, International and Inland. b. Explain vessel lights and day shapes for the following: towing (astern, alongside, pushing ahead, and cannot deviate), fishing, trawling, restricted maneuverability, not under command, underwater operations, constrained by draft, dredging, aground, and sailing vessels under power.

3. Course Outline c. Understand the system of aids to navigation employed in your area. Include buoys, lights, and daymarks, and their significance and corresponding chart symbols. d. Read in detail a National Ocean Service (NOS) chart, preferably for the area normally cruised by your ship, identifying all marks on it.

4. ABL-9a a. Demonstrate a working knowledge of Navigation Rules, International and Inland.

5. Rules of the Road • Like traffic rules on our highways • Inland and International Rules are very similar, in one document on-line • “Demonstrate” means “do it” on the water • In addition, show knowledge of what to do in less likely circumstances

6. ABL-9b b. Explain vessel lights and day shapes for the following: towing (astern, alongside, pushing ahead, and cannot deviate), fishing, trawling, restricted maneuverability, not under command, underwater operations, constrained by draft, dredging, aground, and sailing vessels under power.

7. Dayshapes • Seen during day • Serve same functions as lights at night • Hoisted vertically in rigging • Diamond (white light) • Ball (usually red light) • Cone (green or red light) • Cylinder (3 red lights)

8. Review – Navigation Lights • Red,green and white • Green – bow to 112.5° starboard • Red – bow to 112.5° port • White – relative bearing 112.5° to 247.5°

9. Lights on Towed Vessel • Normally, towed vessel displays standard sidelights and sternlight. • Remember, towed vessel has less maneuverability

10. Lights Towing Astern <200M • Normal power lights • + One masthead light(= two total) • + One yellow stern light • “Yellow over white, my towline is tight” • Remember, all towing = less maneuverability

11. Lights Towing Astern >200M • Three masthead lights • (Also a diamond day shape)

12. Towing Alongside • Towed vessel has standard • lighting • Two masthead lights, side lights • International – one white • sternlight • Inland – two yellow towinglights • “Yellow over yellow, a push-ing or hip towing fellow.”

13. Lights Pushing Ahead • Pushed vessel has sidelights (+ flashing Inland) • Pushing vessel has two mastlights and sidelights • International – Pushing vessel white sternlight • Inland – Pushing vessel two yellow towing lights

14. Towing Cannot Deviate • Towing vessel shows both towing lights and restricted maneuverability lights • Two / three towing lights on top • Red / white / red lights below them • Ball / diamond / ball dayshape

15. Sailing Vessel Under Power • Sails may be up • Dayshape – cone, apex down, on front of • boat • Normal sidelights and sternlight • One 225° mast light, usually about 2/3 • way up the mast • Colloquially called “steaming” • light

16. Sailing Vessel Under Sail • Any of the light combinations below • Red over green, sailing machine

17. Fishing Vessel • Applies only to fishing that restricts maneuverability (mostly commercial) • Must be actively engaged in fishing • “Red over white, fishing tonight” • Dayshape – cones,apex to apex

18. Trawling Vessel • Applies only to trawling that restricts maneuverability (mostly commericial) • Must be actively engaged in trawling • Green over white, trawling tonight • Dayshape – two cones,apex to apex, same asfishing

19. Restricted Ability to Maneuver • Red over white over red • Ball / diamond / ball dayshapes • White mast top light shows it is also anchored • Single ball dayshape shows anchored

20. Underwater Operations • Dredging, diving, other underwater operations • Red, White, Red on vessel center • Two red on obstruction side • Two green on passing side • Ball / diamond / ball, with diamonds and balls

21. Constrained by Draft (Intl) • Too deep to leave the channel • Three red lights in vertical row • International Rules only • Dayshape – cylinder • “Three reds in a row, no roombelow”

22. Vessel Aground • Two vertical red lights • One all around white light • Dayshapes – three balls

23. Not Under Command • Two vertical red lights • Sidelights, sternlight, no masthead light • Two ball dayshapes • “Red over red, the captain's dead.”

24. Vessel Priority • Airplanes / WIGs / etc. • Power vessel • Tow boats (power vessel) • Sailboat under power (power vessel) • Fishing / trawling • Sailboat under sail • Restricted in ability to maneuver • Constrained by draft • Aground / not under command

25. Identify Type Situation

36. N

37. Questions? • Questions first? • Vessel Priority in Rules of the Road (ORD-9) • Shown you lights and dayshapes that identify a vessel in the vessel priority • Know your place in the vessel priority (pretty low!) • Be prepared to take appropriate action • Come back and show us you know this material and can apply it.

38. ABL-9d c. Understand the system of aids to navigation employed in your area. Include buoys, lights, and daymarks, and their significance and corresponding chart symbols.

39. Aids to Navigation (ATON) • ATONs are like street signs on a road • Nautical chart displays their locations and what they are • Symbols identified in Chart 1 (available on-line) • Three main ATONs • Daybeacons (poles) • Buoys • Lights (both poles and buoys) • Several lesser kinds of ATONs

40. Lateral System • Establishes channels and marks to guide vessels to stay within those channels • Two main colors • Red on the Right Returning from the sea, triangular shape • Green on the left returning from the sea, square shape • Channel limits marked by red and green lights, buoys, and daybeacons

41. Daybeacons • Used in shallow water • Mounted on a pole, numbered • Red daybeacons triangular shape • On right-hand side of channel • going inbound to dock • Green daybeacons square shape • On left-hand side • of channel going • inbound to dock

42. Buoys • Floating aids, anchored to bottom, numbered • Can move a little, tide, current • Red, triangular top, “nun” • Green, square top, “can”

43. Lights • Lights on buoys and on poles • Basic buoy or daybeacon • Light mounted on top • Light has pattern to flash for • identification

44. Junctions • Junctions are where two channels meet • Color on top is for the primary channel • Lower color is for the secondary channel • Junctions are lettered, not numbered

45. Ranges • Ranges are two sets of panels • or lights in a line that show • the proper channel • Panels / lights connected by • dashes on chart to channel

46. Regulatory / Information Marks • White buoy, red letters • Four main types • Information, Regulation, Prohibit, Danger

47. ABL-9d d. Read in detail a National Ocean Service (NOS) chart, preferably for the area normally cruised by your ship, identifying all marks on it.

48. Chart 1 • Chart 1 available in hard copy and on the internet. Google Chart 1. • Chart 1 has everything! A Sea Scout should not memorize Chart 1. • Common chart symbols are somewhat intuitive • Numbers in the middle of the water are depths • Little green squares and red triangles are daybeacons • Lights have a purple “beam” coming from them

49. Summary • Navigation Rules • Lights • Day Shapes • ATONs • Chart Symbols

50. Practical Knowledge • Go out and demonstrate the practical knowledge you must display to pass this requirement