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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 2016-2017

This chapter provides an introduction to the study of anatomy and physiology, covering the structure and function of body parts. It explores the relationship between anatomy and physiology and introduces key concepts such as gross and microscopic anatomy. The chapter also discusses the levels of organization in the human body, body planes and cavities, regional and directional terms, and the importance of understanding the anatomical position.

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 2016-2017

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  1. Chapter 1:Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology2016-2017 Ms. Susan Chabot HAP

  2. Anatomy: structure of body parts; also called morphology. • Physiology: function of body parts; what they do and how they do it. • Did You Get It #1: • Can we study anatomy without studying physiology? • Can we study physiology without studying anatomy?

  3. How to Study Anatomy GROSS Anatomy: MICROSCOPIC Anatomy: With a microscope; too small to visualize with the naked eye. Cytology Histology • Without a microscope; using the naked eye to visualize. • Surface • Regional • Systemic • Developmental • Clinical

  4. How to Study Physiology • Cell Physiology • Systemic Physiology • Pathological physiology

  5. Levels of Organization

  6. Levels of Organization • Did You Get It #2 • At which level of organization is the stomach? A molecule of glucose?

  7. Organization of the Human Body • Organ Systems: A set of interrelated organs that work together to provide a specialized function.

  8. Language of A&P • Anatomical Position • Standing erect • Feet shoulder width apart • Arms at sides • Palms facing forward (anteriorly) • Directional Terms • Regional Terms • Body Planes and Sections • Body Cavities

  9. Did You Get It? #8: Why is understanding the anatomical position important to an anatomy student?

  10. Regional terms (p. 16) – names of specific body areas • Axial region – the main axis of the body • Appendicular region – the limbs • Anterior Diagram • Posterior Diagram • Directional terminology (Table p. 18) • Refers to the body in anatomical position • Standardized terms of direction are paired terms Superficial Anatomy

  11. Regional Terms

  12. Did You Get It? #9: The axillary and the acromial areas are both in the general area of the shoulder. To what specific body area does each of these terms apply?

  13. Directional Terms

  14. Orientation and Directional Terms

  15. Table 1.1 (2 of 3)

  16. Body Planes and Sections • Coronal (frontal) plane - Divides body into anterior and posterior parts. • Sagittal plane – Divides body into unequal left and right sides. • Median (midsagittal) plane Specific sagittal plane that lies vertically at the midline; divides body into lateral and medial parts. • Transverse plane - Divides body into superior and inferior parts.

  17. PRACTICE! Name the Plane

  18. Did You Get It? #10: Which section would cut the brain nto anterior and posterior parts?

  19. QUIZ on WEDNESDAY through previous slide

  20. Body Cavities:allow for separation of organs and organ systems • Dorsal body cavity • Cranial cavity = Brain. • Vertebral cavity = encases the spinal cord • Ventral body cavity • Thoracic cavity = Heart and Lungs • Abdominopelvic cavity = Organs of digestion and reproduction

  21. Other Body Cavities • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities

  22. #11: If you wanted to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity of a cadaver, which type of section would you make? #12: Of the spinal cord, small intestine, uterus, and heart, which are in the dorsal body cavity? Did You Get It?

  23. Organization of the Human Body • Membranes • line the internal body • cavities to reduce • friction and provide • protection.

  24. Abdominal Regions Divides the abdomen into nine regions to reference abdominopelvic organs.

  25. Abdominal Quadrants

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