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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg. Mammalian Cell Division. The goals of this session : To understand the processes within the cell during each phase of mitosis and meiosis. Explain the differences on a genetic and cellular level between mitosis and meiosis.

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  1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg

  2. Mammalian Cell Division The goals of this session: To understand the processes within the cell during each phase of mitosis and meiosis. Explain the differences on a genetic and cellular level between mitosis and meiosis. Gain an understanding of zygote development (early embryology)

  3. Vet 104 – Cell Division & Embryology • Gamete - sex cell, haploid (contains half the number of chromosomes of a • normal cell. • Diploid – the full number of chromosomes (2n – 2 copies of each) • Embryology – study of prenatal development beginning with the zygote. • Zygote – cell formed from the union and fusion of gametes • (ova & spermatozoa) • # of chromosomes (varies with species) One pair NOT homologous (same) • pairs in species: Dog – 39 (78 total) Cat – 19 (38) • Horse – 32 (64) Rabbit – 22 (44) • * one pair = XX or XY

  4. In a typical animal cell, mitosis can be divided into four principals stages: • Prophase: The chromatin, diffuse in interphase, condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome has duplicated and now consists of two sister chromatids. At the end of prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles. • Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the equitorial plate and are held in place by microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle and to part of the centromere. • Anaphase: The centromeres divide. Sister chromatids separate and move toward the corresponding poles. • Telophase: Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and the microtubules disappear. The condensed chromatin expands and the nuclear envelope reappears. The cytoplasm divides, the cell membrane pinches inward ultimately producing two daughter cells (phase: Cytokinesis). Chromosome: pairs of packaged genetic material (diploid) – somatic cells Chromatid: one of the strands of a chromsome. Two sister chromatids make a chromosome.

  5. Meiosos: • formation of sex cells (gametes) by cell division. Results in a cell • with a haploid number of chromosomes. (chromosome vs, chromatid) • First division of meiosis • Prophase 1: Each chromosome dupicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids. Crossing-over can occur during the latter part of this stage. • Metaphase 1: Homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. • Anaphase 1: Homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. • Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair. • Second division of meiosis: Gamete formation • Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate. • Metaphase 2: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. • Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole. • Telophase 2: Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained.

  6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXN_sDnd1ng&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXN_sDnd1ng&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXN_sDnd1ng&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXN_sDnd1ng&feature=related

  7. Embryology: • Following fertilization: • Mitotic division of cells (Mitosis) • Morula ( cluster of cells) to blastula (differentiate) • Divides – inner membrane (embryo) & outer membrane (trophoblast) • Differentiation into endoderm (viscera) and ectoderm (skin & derivatives & NS) • & mesoderm (body cavities) – GERM LAYERS

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