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Paradise Lost

Paradise Lost. Albrecht Durer, Adam and Eve (1504). Paradise Lost, Book X. Synopsis of Book X: In Heaven, God knows immediately that Adam and Eve have sinned Raphael and the other angels return to report the failure God sends the Son to judge Adam and Eve

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Paradise Lost

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  1. Paradise Lost Albrecht Durer, Adam and Eve (1504)

  2. Paradise Lost, Book X • Synopsis of Book X: • In Heaven, God knows immediately that Adam and Eve have sinned • Raphael and the other angels return to report the failure • God sends the Son to judge Adam and Eve • Satan returns to Hell; on the way he meets Sin and Death who have followed him to Paradise • Satan returns to Pandemonium in triumph, but the triumph is short-lived • Instead of applause, he receives hisses, and all the demons are turned into serpents

  3. Paradise Lost, Book X • Sin and Death arrive in Paradise to begin their work • God directs his angels to turn Earth on its axis, so that humans will have to experience extreme temperatures of hot and cold • Animals begin to prey upon each other and to threaten humans • Adam laments the change, and the trouble he has brought upon his descendents • Adam continues to blame Eve; she takes responsibility • Eve proposes suicide as a way to avoid passing on their sin • Adam rejects the idea, and argues that they should learn from their mistakes and move on

  4. Paradise Lost, Book X • Mean while the heinous and despiteful act • Of Satan, done in Paradise; and how •   He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve, •    Her husband she, to taste the fatal fruit, • 5   Was known in Heaven; for what can 'scape the eye •    Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart •    Omniscient? who, in all things wise and just, •    Hindered not Satan to attempt the mind •    Of Man, with strength entire and free will armed, • 10   Complete to have discovered and repulsed •    Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend. •    For still they knew, and ought to have still remembered, •    The high injunction, not to taste that fruit, •    Whoever tempted; which they not obeying, • 15   (Incurred what could they less?) the penalty;

  5. Paradise Lost, Book X •    And, manifold in sin, deserved to fall. •    Up into Heaven from Paradise in haste •    The angelick guards ascended, mute, and sad, •    For Man; for of his state by this they knew, • 20   Much wondering how the subtle Fiend had stolen •    Entrance unseen. Soon as the unwelcome news •    From Earth arrived at Heaven-gate, displeased •    All were who heard; dim sadness did not spare •    That time celestial visages, yet, mixed • 25  With pity, violated not their bliss. •    About the new-arrived, in multitudes •    The ethereal people ran, to hear and know •    How all befel: They towards the throne supreme, •    Accountable, made haste, to make appear, • 30   With righteous plea, their utmost vigilance

  6. Paradise Lost, Book X •    And easily approved; when the Most High •    Eternal Father, from his secret cloud, •    Amidst in thunder uttered thus his voice. •    Assembled Angels, and ye Powers returned • 35   From unsuccessful charge; be not dismayed, •    Nor troubled at these tidings from the earth, •    Which your sincerest care could not prevent; •    Foretold so lately what would come to pass, •    When first this tempter crossed the gulf from Hell. • 40   I told ye then he should prevail, and speed •    On his bad errand; Man should be seduced, •    And flattered out of all, believing lies •    Against his Maker; no decree of mine •    Concurring to necessitate his fall, • 45   Or touch with lightest moment of impulse

  7. Paradise Lost, Book X •    His free will, to her own inclining left •    In even scale. But fallen he is; and now •    What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass •    On his transgression,--death denounced that day? • 50   Which he presumes already vain and void, •    Because not yet inflicted, as he feared, •    By some immediate stroke; but soon shall find •    Forbearance no acquittance, ere day end. •    Justice shall not return as bounty scorned. • 55   But whom send I to judge them? whom but thee, •   Vicegerent Son? To thee I have transferred •    All judgement, whether in Heaven, or Earth, or Hell. •    Easy it may be seen that I intend •    Mercy colleague with justice, sending thee • 60   Man's friend, his Mediator, his designed

  8. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Both ransom and Redeemer voluntary, •    And destined Man himself to judge Man fallen. •    So spake the Father; and, unfolding bright •    Toward the right hand his glory, on the Son • 65   Blazed forth unclouded Deity: He full •    Resplendent all his Father manifest •    Expressed, and thus divinely answered mild. •    Father Eternal, thine is to decree; •    Mine, both in Heaven and Earth, to do thy will • 70   Supreme; that thou in me, thy Son beloved, •    Mayest ever rest well pleased. I go to judge •    On earth these thy transgressours; but thou knowest, •    Whoever judged, the worst on me must light, •    When time shall be; for so I undertook • 75   Before thee; and, not repenting, this obtain

  9. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Of right, that I may mitigate their doom •    On me derived; yet I shall temper so •    Justice with mercy, as may illustrate most •    Them fully satisfied, and thee appease. • 80   Attendance none shall need, nor train, where none •    Are to behold the judgement, but the judged, •    Those two; the third best absent is condemned, •    Convict by flight, and rebel to all law: •    Conviction to the serpent none belongs. • 85   Thus saying, from his radiant seat he rose •    Of high collateral glory: Him Thrones, and Powers, •    Princedoms, and Dominations ministrant, •    Accompanied to Heaven-gate; from whence •    Eden, and all the coast, in prospect lay. • 90   Down he descended straight; the speed of Gods

  10. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Time counts not, though with swiftest minutes winged. •    Now was the sun in western cadence low •    From noon, and gentle airs, due at their hour, •    To fan the earth now waked, and usher in • 95   The evening cool; when he, from wrath more cool, •    Came the mild Judge, and Intercessour both, •    To sentence Man: The voice of God they heard •    Now walking in the garden, by soft winds •    Brought to their ears, while day declined; they heard, • 100   And from his presence hid themselves among •    The thickest trees, both man and wife; till God, •    Approaching, thus to Adam called aloud. •    Where art thou, Adam, wont with joy to meet •    My coming seen far off? I miss thee here, • 105   Not pleased, thus entertained with solitude,

  11. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Where obvious duty ere while appeared unsought: •    Or come I less conspicuous, or what change •    Absents thee, or what chance detains?--Come forth! •    He came; and with him Eve, more loth, though first • 110   To offend; discountenanced both, and discomposed; •    Love was not in their looks, either toGod, •    Or to each other; but apparent guilt, •    And shame, and perturbation, and despair, •    Anger, and obstinacy, and hate, and guile. • 115   Whence Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. •    I heard thee in the garden, and of thy voice •    Afraid, being naked, hid myself. To whom •    The gracious Judge without revile replied. •    My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not feared, • 120   But still rejoiced; how is it now become

  12. Paradise Lost, Book X •    So dreadful to thee? That thou art naked, who •    Hath told thee? Hast thou eaten of the tree, •    Whereof I gave thee charge thou shouldst not eat? •    To whom thus Adam sore beset replied. • 125   O Heaven! in evil strait this day I stand •    Before my Judge; either to undergo •    Myself the total crime, or to accuse •    My other self, the partner of my life; •    Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, • 130   I should conceal, and not expose to blame •    By my complaint: but strict necessity •    Subdues me, and calamitous constraint; •    Lest on my head both sin and punishment, •    However insupportable, be all • 135   Devolved; though should I hold my peace, yet thou

  13. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Wouldst easily detect what I conceal.– •    This Woman, whom thou madest to be my help, •    And gavest me as thy perfect gift, so good, •    So fit, so acceptable, so divine, • 140   That from her hand I could suspect no ill, •    And what she did, whatever in itself, •    Her doing seemed to justify the deed; •    She gave me of the tree, and I did eat. •    To whom the Sovran Presence thus replied. • 145   Was she thy God, that her thou didst obey •    Before his voice? or was she made thy guide, •    Superiour, or but equal, that to her •    Thou didst resign thy manhood, and the place •    Wherein God set thee above her made of thee, • 150   And for thee, whose perfection far excelled

  14. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Hers in all real dignity? Adorned •    She was indeed, and lovely, to attract •    Thy love, not thy subjection; and her gifts •    Were such, as under government well seemed; • 155   Unseemly to bear rule; which was thy part •    And person, hadst thou known thyself aright. •    So having said, he thus to Eve in few. •    Say, Woman, what is this which thou hast done? •    To whom sad Eve, with shame nigh overwhelmed, • 160   Confessing soon, yet not before her Judge •    Bold or loquacious, thus abashed replied. •    The Serpent me beguiled, and I did eat. •    Which when the Lord God heard, without delay •    To judgement he proceeded on the accused • 165   Serpent, though brute; unable to transfer

  15. Paradise Lost, Book X •    The guilt on him, who made him instrument •    Of mischief, and polluted from the end •    Of his creation; justly then accursed, •    As vitiated in nature: More to know • 170   Concerned not Man, (since he no further knew) •    Nor altered his offence; yet God at last •    To Satan first in sin his doom applied, •    Though in mysterious terms, judged as then best: •    And on the Serpent thus his curse let fall. • 175   Because thou hast done this, thou art accursed •    Above all cattle, each beast of the field; •    Upon thy belly groveling thou shalt go, •    And dust shalt eat all the days of thy life. •    Between thee and the woman I will put • 180   Enmity, and between thine and her seed;

  16. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Her seed shall bruise thy head, thou bruise his heel. •    So spake this oracle, then verified •    When Jesus, Son of Mary, second Eve, •    Saw Satan fall, like lightning, down from Heaven, • 185   Prince of the air; then, rising from his grave •    Spoiled Principalities and Powers, triumphed •    In open show; and, with ascension bright, •    Captivity led captive through the air, •    The realm itself of Satan, long usurped; • 190   Whom he shall tread at last under our feet; •    Even he, who now foretold his fatal bruise; •    And to the Woman thus his sentence turned. • [The Judgement of Eve] • Thy sorrow I will greatly multiply •    By thy conception; children thou shalt bring • 195   In sorrow forth; and to thy husband's will

  17. Paradise Lost, Book X • Thine shall submit; he over thee shall rule. •    On Adam last thus judgement he pronounced. • [The Judgement of Adam] • Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, •    And eaten of the tree, concerning which • 200   I charged thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat thereof: •    Cursed is the ground for thy sake; thou in sorrow •    Shalt eat thereof, all the days of thy life; •    Thorns also and thistles it shall bring thee forth •    Unbid; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; • 205   In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, •    Till thou return unto the ground; for thou •    Out of the ground wast taken, know thy birth, •    For dust thou art, and shalt to dust return. •    So judged he Man, both Judge and Saviour sent; • 210   And the instant stroke of death, denounced that day,

  18. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Removed far off; then, pitying how they stood •    Before him naked to the air, that now •    Must suffer change, disdained not to begin •    Thenceforth the form of servant to assume; • 215   As when he washed his servants feet; so now, •    As father of his family, he clad •    Their nakedness with skins of beasts, or slain, •    Or as the snake with youthful coat repaid; •    And thought not much to clothe his enemies; • 220   Nor he their outward only with the skins •    Of beasts, but inward nakedness, much more. •    Opprobrious, with his robe of righteousness, •    Arraying, covered from his Father's sight. •    To him with swift ascent he up returned, • 225   Into his blissful bosom reassumed

  19. Paradise Lost, Book X •    In glory, as of old; to him appeased •    All, though all-knowing, what had passed with Man   •   Recounted, mixing intercession sweet. •    Mean while, ere thus was sinned and judged on Earth, • 230   Within the gates of Hell sat Sin and Death, •    In counterview within the gates, that now •    Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame •    Far into Chaos, since the Fiend passed through, •    Sin opening; who thus now to Death began. • 235   O Son, why sit we here each other viewing •    Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives •    In other worlds, and happier seat provides •    For us, his offspring dear? It cannot be •    But that success attends him; if mishap, • 240   Ere this he had returned, with fury driven

  20. Paradise Lost, Book X •    By his avengers; since no place like this •    Can fit his punishment, or their revenge. •    Methinks I feel new strength within me rise, •    Wings growing, and dominion given me large • 245   Beyond this deep; whatever draws me on, •    Or sympathy, or some connatural force, •    Powerful at greatest distance to unite, •    With secret amity, things of like kind, •    By secretest conveyance. Thou, my shade • 250   Inseparable, must with me along; •    For Death from Sin no power can separate. •    But, lest the difficulty of passing back •    Stay his return perhaps over this gulf •    Impassable, impervious; let us try • 255   Adventurous work, yet to thy power and mine

  21. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Not unagreeable, to found a path •    Over this main from Hell to that new world, •    Where Satan now prevails; a monument •    Of merit high to all the infernal host, • 260   Easing their passage hence, for intercourse, •    Or transmigration, as their lot shall lead. •    Nor can I miss the way, so strongly drawn •    By this new-felt attraction and instinct. •    Whom thus the meager Shadow answered soon. • 265   Go, whither Fate, and inclination strong, •    Leads thee; I shall not lag behind, nor err •    The way, thou leading; such a scent I draw •    Of carnage, prey innumerable, and taste •    The savour of death from all things there that live: • 270   Nor shall I to the work thou enterprisest • ,

  22. Paradise Lost, Book X •    Be wanting, but afford thee equal aid. •    So saying, with delight he snuffed the smell •    Of mortal change on earth. As when a flock •    Of ravenous fowl, though many a league remote, • 275   Against the day of battle, to a field, •    Where armies lie encamped, come flying, lured •    With scent of living carcasses designed •    For death, the following day, in bloody fight: •    So scented the grim Feature, and upturned • 280   His nostril wide into the murky air; •    Sagacious of his quarry from so far. •    Then both from out Hell-gates, into the waste •    Wide anarchy of Chaos, damp and dark, •    Flew diverse; and with power (their power was great) 285   Hovering upon the waters, what they met

  23. Paradise Lost, Book X • 286   Solid or slimy, as in raging sea • 287   Tost up and down, together crouded drove, • 288   From each side shoaling towards the mouth of Hell; 289   As when two polar winds, blowing adverse • 290   Upon the Cronian sea, together drive • 291   Mountains of ice, that stop the imagined way • 292   Beyond Petsora eastward, to the rich • 293   Cathaian coast. The aggregated soil • 294   Death with his mace petrifick, cold and dry, • 295   As with a trident, smote; and fixed as firm • 296   As Delos, floating once; the rest his look • 297   Bound with Gorgonian rigour not to move; • 298   And with Asphaltick slime, broad as the gate, • 299   Deep to the roots of Hell the gathered beach • 300   They fastened, and the mole immense wrought on

  24. Paradise Lost, Book X • 301   Over the foaming deep high-arched, a bridge • 302   Of length prodigious, joining to the wall 303   Immoveable of this now fenceless world, • 304   Forfeit to Death; from hence a passage broad, 305   Smooth, easy, inoffensive, down to Hell. • 306   So, if great things to small may be compared, • 307   Xerxes, the liberty of Greece to yoke, • 308   From Susa, his Memnonian palace high, • 309   Came to the sea: and, over Hellespont • 310   Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined, • 311   And scourged with many a stroke the indignant waves. 312   Now had they brought the work by wonderous art 313   Pontifical, a ridge of pendant rock, • 314   Over the vexed abyss, following the track • 315   Of Satan to the self-same place where he

  25. Paradise Lost, Book X • 316   First lighted from his wing, and landed safe • 317   From out of Chaos, to the outside bare • 318   Of this round world: With pins of adamant • 319   And chains they made all fast, too fast they made • 320   And durable! And now in little space • 321   The confines met of empyrean Heaven, • 322   And of this World; and, on the left hand, Hell • 323   With long reach interposed; three several ways • 324   In sight, to each of these three places led. • 325   And now their way to Earth they had descried, • 326   To Paradise first tending; when, behold! • 327   Satan, in likeness of an Angel bright, • 328   Betwixt the Centaur and the Scorpion steering • 329   His zenith, while the sun in Aries rose: • 330   Disguised he came; but those his children dear

  26. Paradise Lost, Book X • 331   Their parent soon discerned, though in disguise. • 332   He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk • 333   Into the wood fast by; and, changing shape, • 334   To observe the sequel, saw his guileful act • 335   By Eve, though all unweeting, seconded • 336   Upon her husband; saw their shame that sought • 337   Vain covertures; but when he saw descend • 338   The Son of God to judge them, terrified • 339   He fled; not hoping to escape, but shun • 340   The present; fearing, guilty, what his wrath • 341   Might suddenly inflict; that past, returned • 342   By night, and listening where the hapless pair • 343   Sat in their sad discourse, and various plaint, • 344   Thence gathered his own doom; which understood • 345   Not instant, but of future time, with joy

  27. Paradise Lost, Book X • 346   And tidings fraught, to Hell he now returned; • 347   And at the brink of Chaos, near the foot • 348   Of this new wonderous pontifice, unhoped • 349   Met, who to meet him came, his offspring dear. • 350   Great joy was at their meeting, and at sight • 351   Of that stupendious bridge his joy encreased. • 352   Long he admiring stood, till Sin, his fair • 353   Enchanting daughter, thus the silence broke. • 354   O Parent, these are thy magnifick deeds, • 355   Thy trophies! which thou viewest as not thine own; 356   Thou art their author, and prime architect: • 357   For I no sooner in my heart divined, • 358   My heart, which by a secret harmony • 359   Still moves with thine, joined in connexion sweet, 360   That thou on earth hadst prospered, which thy looks

  28. Paradise Lost, Book X • 361   Now also evidence, but straight I felt, • 362   Though distant from thee worlds between, yet felt, 363   That I must after thee, with this thy son; • 364   Such fatal consequence unites us three! 365   Hell could no longer hold us in our bounds, • 366   Nor this unvoyageable gulf obscure • 367   Detain from following thy illustrious track. • 368   Thou hast achieved our liberty, confined • 369   Within Hell-gates till now; thou us impowered • 370   To fortify thus far, and overlay, • 371   With this portentous bridge, the dark abyss. • 372   Thine now is all this world; thy virtue hath won • 373   What thy hands builded not; thy wisdom gained • 374   With odds what war hath lost, and fully avenged • 375   Our foil in Heaven; here thou shalt monarch reign,

  29. Paradise Lost, Book X • Or Sex, and apprehended nothing high: • 376   There didst not; there let him still victor sway, • 377   As battle hath adjudged; from this new world • 378   Retiring, by his own doom alienated; • 379   And henceforth monarchy with thee divide • 380   Of all things, parted by the empyreal bounds, • 381   His quadrature, from thy orbicular world; • 382   Or try thee now more dangerous to his throne. • 383   Whom thus the Prince of darkness answered glad. 384   Fair Daughter, and thou Son and Grandchild both; 385   High proof ye now have given to be the race • 386   Of Satan (for I glory in the name, • 387   Antagonist of Heaven's Almighty King,) • 388   Amply have merited of me, of all • 389   The infernal empire, that so near Heaven's door 390   Triumphal with triumphal act have met,

  30. Paradise Lost, Book X • 391   Mine, with this glorious work; and made one realm, 392   Hell and this world, one realm, one continent • 393   Of easy thorough-fare. Therefore, while I • 394   Descend through darkness, on your road with ease, 395   To my associate Powers, them to acquaint • 396   With these successes, and with them rejoice; • 397   You two this way, among these numerous orbs, • 398   All yours, right down to Paradise descend; • 399   There dwell, and reign in bliss; thence on the earth 400   Dominion exercise and in the air, • 401   Chiefly on Man, sole lord of all declared; • 402   Him first make sure your thrall, and lastly kill. • 403   My substitutes I send ye, and create • 404   Plenipotent on earth, of matchless might • 405   Issuing from me: on your joint vigour now

  31. Paradise Lost, Book X • 406   My hold of this new kingdom all depends, • 407   Through Sin to Death exposed by my exploit. • 408   If your joint power prevail, the affairs of Hell • 409   No detriment need fear; go, and be strong! • 410   So saying he dismissed them; they with speed • 411   Their course through thickest constellations held, 412   Spreading their bane; the blasted stars looked wan, 413   And planets, planet-struck, real eclipse • 414   Then suffered. The other way Satan went down • 415   The causey to Hell-gate: On either side • 416   Disparted Chaos overbuilt exclaimed, • 417   And with rebounding surge the bars assailed, • 418   That scorned his indignation: Through the gate, • 419   Wide open and unguarded, Satan passed, • 420   And all about found desolate; for those,

  32. Paradise Lost, Book X • 421   Appointed to sit there, had left their charge, • 422   Flown to the upper world; the rest were all • 423   Far to the inland retired, about the walls • 424   Of Pandemonium; city and proud seat • 425   Of Lucifer, so by allusion called • 426   Of that bright star to Satan paragoned; • 427   There kept their watch the legions, while the Grand • 428   In council sat, solicitous what chance • 429   Might intercept their emperour sent; so he • 430   Departing gave command, and they observed. • 431   As when the Tartar from his Russian foe, • 432   By Astracan, over the snowy plains, • 433   Retires; or Bactrin Sophi, from the horns • 434   Of Turkish crescent, leaves all waste beyond • 435   The realm of Aladule, in his retreat

  33. Paradise Lost, Book X • 436   To Tauris or Casbeen: So these, the late • 437   Heaven-banished host, left desart utmost Hell • 438   Many a dark league, reduced in careful watch • 439   Round their metropolis; and now expecting • 440   Each hour their great adventurer, from the search • 441   Of foreign worlds: He through the midst unmarked, • 442   In show plebeian Angel militant • 443   Of lowest order, passed; and from the door • 444   Of that Plutonian hall, invisible • 445   Ascended his high throne; which, under state • 446   Of richest texture spread, at the upper end • 447   Was placed in regal lustre. Down a while • 448   He sat, and round about him saw unseen: • 449   At last, as from a cloud, his fulgent head 4 • 500  And shape star-bright appeared, or brighter; clad

  34. Paradise Lost, Book X • 451   With what permissive glory since his fall • 52   Was left him, or false glitter: All amazed • 453   At that so sudden blaze the Stygian throng • 454   Bent their aspect, and whom they wished beheld, 455   Their mighty Chief returned: loud was the acclaim: 456   Forth rushed in haste the great consulting peers, 457   Raised from their dark Divan, and with like joy 458   Congratulant approached him; who with hand • 459   Silence, and with these words attention, won. 460   Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers; 461   For in possession such, not only of right, • 462   I call ye, and declare ye now; returned • 463   Successful beyond hope, to lead ye forth • 464   Triumphant out of this infernal pit • 465   Abominable, accursed, the house of woe,

  35. Paradise Lost, Book X • 466   And dungeon of our tyrant: Now possess, • 467   As Lords, a spacious world, to our native Heaven 468   Little inferiour, by my adventure hard • 469   With peril great achieved. Long were to tell • 470   What I have done; what suffered;with what pain 471   Voyaged th' unreal, vast, unbounded deep • 472   Of horrible confusion; over which • 473   By Sin and Death a broad way now is paved, • 474   To expedite your glorious march; but I • 475   Toiled out my uncouth passage, forced to ride • 476   The untractable abyss, plunged in the womb • 477   Of unoriginal Night and Chaos wild; • 478   That, jealous of their secrets, fiercely opposed • 479   My journey strange, with clamorous uproar • 480   Protesting Fate supreme; thence how I found

  36. Paradise Lost, Book X • 481   The new created world, which fame in Heaven • 482   Long had foretold, a fabrick wonderful • 483   Of absolute perfection! therein Man • 484   Placed in a Paradise, by our exile • 485   Made happy: Him by fraud I have seduced • 486   From his Creator; and, the more to encrease • 487   Your wonder, with an apple; he, thereat • 488   Offended, worth your laughter! hath given up • 489   Both his beloved Man, and all his world, • 490   To Sin and Death a prey, and so to us, • 491   Without our hazard, labour, or alarm; • 492   To range in, and to dwell, and over Man • 493   To rule, as over all he should have ruled. • 494   True is, me also he hath judged, or rather • 495   Me not, but the brute serpent in whose shape

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