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Floodplain Management SESSION 2

Floodplain Management SESSION 2. Stream Systems on Dynamic Earth River Basins & Tectonics Prepared By Donald R. Reichmuth, PhD. River Basin & Tectonic Framework. Objectives: 1 Major landscape parameters that are involved in Floodplain Management.

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Floodplain Management SESSION 2

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  1. Floodplain ManagementSESSION 2 Stream Systems on Dynamic Earth River Basins & Tectonics Prepared By Donald R. Reichmuth, PhD.

  2. River Basin & Tectonic Framework Objectives: 1 Major landscape parameters that are involved in Floodplain Management. 2 Four fundamental functions of stream systems. 3 Size, shape, structure, and location of the major tectonic plates affect stream behavior. 4 Vertical plate motion affects sediment production. 5 Regional tectonic domains in the United States and their affect on floodplains. (Optional Objective) 6 Select a course case study exercise and form teams.

  3. Floodplain Definition That portion of a Drainage Basin that is covered by Transported Sediment that was deposited in or near a stream channel.

  4. River Basin Definition A region or area bounded by a topographic divide that contributes water to a particular stream channel (corridor) or other water body. --------------------------------------------------- Sometimes called a “catchment” or a “watershed”.

  5. FUNCTIONS OF RIVER SYSTEMS • Removes Erosional Debris • Most Important • Acts Over Long Periods • Removes Excess Water • Importance Secondary • Acts Sporadically Over Short Periods • Provides Fresh Water Supply • Necessary To Sustain Life • Transports Chemicals & Nutrients

  6. Geologic Framework Tectonics • Passive Margins • Stable Platforms • Active Margins • Hot Spots

  7. Present Plate Boundaries

  8. Stream Systems on Dynamic Earth BASIC TYPES OF PLATE INTERACTION

  9. North America Structure • Craton • Shield • Stable Platform • Mobile Belts Tectonic Activity • Active Margin • Passive Margin

  10. Karst TopographyExample • Solution Cavities In Limestone • Streams Can Have Subsurface Connections

  11. Cretaceous Inland Sea100 Million Years Ago

  12. Vertical Plate Motion Causes: • Tectonic/Earthquake Activity • Erosion & Sediment Loading • Glaciation • Human Activities

  13. Uplift Example

  14. Himalayan Data Present Height --- 30,000 Ft (9,500 m) Tectonic Uplift Rate --- More Than 1 cm/yr Erosion Rate --- Now Equals Uplift Rate Sediment Yields Highest Known

  15. Worldwide Erosion Rates

  16. Oceanic-Continental Convergence Oceanic Crust Subducts Ocean Trench Forms Lighter Melted Material Rises Volcanoes Form Lithosphere Plunges Into Asthenosphere

  17. Effects Of Plate Locking

  18. Effects Of Erosion

  19. Man Induced Vertical Movement

  20. Ongoing Elevation Changes

  21. Active Margin Note: • Aleutian Trench • Canada • Strike-Slip Faulting • Mobile Belt Deposits • California • Strike-Slip Faulting

  22. Active Margin • Ocean-Continent Subduction • Strike Slip Faulting

  23. Hot Spot Locations

  24. Hawaiian Hotspot

  25. Passive Margin • Coastline Sinking • Drowned River Valleys • Numerous Near-shore Islands • Shoreline Migrating Landward

  26. Uplift ForcesEarth’s Internal Heating ProvidesEnergy To Cause Surface UpliftErosion Can Then Proceed

  27. CASE STUDIES Columbia River Mississippi River Ohio River Potomac River Red River of the North Rio Grande River Santa Ana River

  28. Geologic Setting (Refer to Handout)

  29. JURISDICTION & CONCERNS (Refer to Handout)

  30. Slide PresentationPrepared ByGeomax, P.C.Dr. Donald R. Reichmuth, President1023 W. 30th Ave.Spokane, WA 99203-1324Phone & FAX – 509-838-6390E-mail – geomax@comcast.net

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