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A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY

A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY. ODIN. THE ODIN ASTRONOMY TEAM. Bergman, Per Bergvall, Nils Bernath, Peter Black, John Booth, Roy Buat, Véronique Crovisier, Jaques Curry, Charles Encrenaz, Pierre Falgarone, Edith Fich, Michel Feldman, Paul

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A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY

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  1. A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY ODIN

  2. THE ODIN ASTRONOMY TEAM Bergman, Per Bergvall, Nils Bernath, Peter Black, John Booth, Roy Buat, Véronique Crovisier, Jaques Curry, Charles Encrenaz, Pierre Falgarone, Edith Fich, Michel Feldman, Paul Frisk, Urban Gahm, Gösta Gerin, Maryvonne Gregersen, Erik Harju, Jorma Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Heikkilä, Arto Hjalmarson, Åke Horellou, Cathy Johansson, Lars-EB Juvela, Mika Kahapaa, Jere Kontinen, Samu Kwok, Sun Lagerqvist, Claes-Ingvar Larsson, Bengt Lecacheux, Alain Liljeström, Tarja Liseau, René Lorne, Avery Mattila, Kalevi Mitchell, George Nordh, Lennart Nyman, Lars-Åke Olberg, Michael Olofsson, Göran Olofsson, Hans Rickman, Hans Ristorcelli, Isabelle Rydbeck, Gustaf Sandqvist, Aage Serra, Guy (†15 August 2000) Torchinsky, Steve Tothill, Nick Volk, Kevin Wiklind, Tommy Wilson, Christine Winnberg, Anders http://www.ssc.se/ssd/ssat/odin.html

  3. THE ODIN SPACECRAFT • Platform: 3-axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros • Mass: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) • Height: 2.0 m • Width: 3.8 m (1.1 m stowed) • Power: 340 W (deployable, fixed solar arrays) • Telescope: 1.1 m offset Gregorian • Pointing: 15 arcsec (staring), (1.2 arcmin scanning: aeronomy) • Surface: 8 mm primary, 5 mm secondary (rms) • Material: CFRP skins on honeycomb • Launch: 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia) • Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending node @ 18:00) • Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum) • Communication: Esrange, Sweden ( > 720 kbit/s) • Data Storage: solid state memory ( > 100 Mbyte)

  4. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS • Front-Ends • Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) • 480 - 580 GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz) • System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) • 119 GHz: 1 fixed receiver (InP HEMT) • System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB) • Back-Ends • 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) • 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) • (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy)

  5. ODIN SENSITIVITY tint = 15 min for S/N = 5 (incl. chopping) submm 1 K, 1 MHz mm 0.5 K, 150 kHz

  6. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz Spectrometer: Bandwidth - Resolution AOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHz Correlators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz - 500 kHz 2 x 100 MHz - 250 kHz 1 x 100 MHz - 125 kHz (0.07 km s-1 @ 557 GHz)

  7. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS O2 119 C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz NH3 572 O2 487 B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz H2O 557 CS 490 HDO 490 HD18O 493, 502 H218O 548 [C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492 C18O (5-4) 549 CO (5-4) 576 [13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2) 13CO (5-4) 551 H217O 552

  8. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS O2 119 C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz NH3 572 O2 487 B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz H2O 557 SWAS H218O 548 [C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492 C18O (5-4) 549 CO (5-4) 576 [13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2) 13CO (5-4) 551 H217O 552

  9. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS FIRST - HIFI BAND 1 480 GHz___________________________________640 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz NH3 572 O2 487 B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz H2O 557

  10. LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O2 & NH3

  11. O2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & extended: F1=I1W1=n1W1 A1 n1=n2 A1 g1eDE12/kT F2I2W2n2W2 A2 n2n1 A2 g2 F118.8@ 1.3e20.7/T F487.3 then 119 GHz 10 times stronger @ 10 K

  12. NH3 ENERGY LEVELS Transition E/k n l A (J,K) - (J,K) (K) (GHz) (mm) (s-1) (1,0) - (0,0) 29 572 524 1.6 10-3 (1,1) 24 24 1.3 104 1.7 10-7 (2,2) 65 24 1.3 104 2.3 10-7 (2,0) - (1,0) 87 1215 247 1.2 10-2 (2,1)s - (1,1)a 82 1215 247 1.4 10-2 (2,1)a - (1,1)s 80 1168 257 1.2 10-2 SWAS gave little o-H2O, so what about o-NH3 ?

  13. NH3 (J=1-0, K=0)572 GHz LINE 2-level approximation: TR= hc3X(o-NH3) N(H2) n(H2) glu X 8pkn2DV Xncritbe/n(H2) , ncrit ~ 3 107 cm-3 ncritbe/n(H2) + glu/gul + 1 t0 < 103 easily detectable: n(H2) = 104 cm-3 , AV = 10m TR = 0.5 K for T = 20 K , X(NH3) = 10-7 DV = 1 km s-1

  14. + HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H2O & HDO

  15. ODIN SCIENCE Topic Prio 1 • ISM & Star Formation 65.5% • Galaxies & Cosmology 16.5% • Solar System 6.5% • Spectral Scans 6.0% • Post-MS Evolution 5.5%

  16. ODIN SCIENCE ISM / STAR FORMATION: SURVEYSof • Giant Molecular Clouds & Hot Cores • Dark Clouds & Cold Cores • Flows, Shocks & Cloud Edges/PDRs • Exotic Chemistry & High Latitude Clouds • Galactic Centre & Galactic Plane

  17. TELESCOPE BEAMS ODIN 540 GHz 2.’2 SWAS 553 GHz 3.’3 x 4.’5 FIRST 557 GHz 39’’ ISO 1670 GHz 80’’ FIRST 1670 GHz 13’’

  18. PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B335 H2O (110-101) 557 GHz (ortho-to-para = 3) ODIN limit log X(H2O) = -8 SWAS 3s limit log X(H2O) = -7 (ApJ Lett 539) Expected log X(H2O) = -6 Expected log X(H2O) = -5 Hartstein & Liseau (1998) AA 332, 703

  19. PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B335 FIRST & H2O (ortho-to-para = 3) ortho 557 1670 GHz 538.3 179.5 mm 1113 988 GHz 269.3 303.5 mm para Hartstein & Liseau (1998) AA 332, 703

  20. LAUNCH: 15 FEBRUARY 2001 LET’S HOPE IT WORKS

  21. O2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & POINTLIKE: F1=I1W1 fbeam 1 @ [fbeam -> 0] @ (n1 /n2)3 A1 g1eDE12/kT F2I2W2 fbeam 2 A2 g2 F118.8@ 0.005e20.7/T F487.3 then 119 GHz 30 times weaker @ 10 K

  22. ODIN OBSERVING PLAN Topic tot No of Obs No of Priority 1 (obs / sources) Star Formation 735 48 / 24 GMCs 396 42 / 16 Shocks/Outflows 232 15 / 5 Orion 152 24 / 1 Dark Clouds 90 18 / 10 Cloud Edges/PDRs 88 13 / 4 High Latitude Clouds 40 12 / 4 Galactic Plane 817 27 / 9 Galactic Centre 105 16 / 9 Magellanic Clouds 91 12 / 5 Galaxies 40 5 / 5 Primordial Molecules serendipity mode Evolved Stars 64 12 / 7 Spectral Scans 4 0 / 3 Solar System target of opportunity mode Exotic Chemistry 34 11 / 9 Absorption Studies 31 / 27 Calibration Sources na na / 11

  23. THE ODIN RADIOMETER

  24. ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS O3 (111 - 000 ) 118.36 C3HD (221 - 110 ) 118.64 HO2 (212 - 111 , 23/2 - 11/2) 119.15 NH2CN (616 - 515 , 0 - 0) 119.17 CH3CHO C2H5OH C3N HCCCN … etc C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz

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