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World War I. I. The Outbreak of War. War broke out in August of 1914 as an extension of European competition over trade, colonies, allies, and armaments Alliance System Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia)
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I. The Outbreak of War • War broke out in August of 1914 as an extension of European competition over trade, colonies, allies, and armaments • Alliance System • Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) • Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia) • Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke of Austria-Hungary • America proclaims neutrality
II. The Problems of Neutrality • Submarines (U-boats) • May 1915, Germans sink British liner Lusitania, 128 Americans died. • Arabic – Sussex pledge: Germans pledge not to attack ocean liners without warning • Economic ties • America began to sell arms to the allies in order to help pull America out of a recession • Germany saw US trade as an unneutral act • Ethnic Ties • Single largest immigrant from Germany • Immigrants supported Triple Alliance/Central powers • Native born Americans supported Triple Entente
III. American Entry: 1917 • U-Boat attacks • 1917, Germans reject Wilson peace settlement and pledge to sink ships on sight • Sinking ships angered Americans • Zimmerman Telegram (note) • German secretary Arthur Zimmerman telegrammed German minister of Mexico; offered territory if join war against U.S. • April 2, 1917 • Wilson told Congress the US had no self-interest to enter the war • Wilson stated, “The world must be made safe for democracy