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Composites

Composites. The Ideal Materi al. Endless and readily available source of supply Cheap to refine and produce Energy efficient Strong, stiff, and dimensionally stable at all temperatures Lightweight Corrosion resistant No harmful effects on the environment or people Biodegradable

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Composites

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  1. Composites

  2. The Ideal Material Endless and readily available source of supply Cheap to refine and produce Energy efficient Strong, stiff, and dimensionally stable at all temperatures Lightweight Corrosion resistant No harmful effects on the environment or people Biodegradable Secondary uses

  3. What is a composite?

  4. Is this a Composite? • Golf Balls + • Marbles + • Water

  5. Is this a Composite? • Golf Balls + • Marbles + • Ice

  6. Is this a composite? • A. Wood fibers • Water • Wood fibers • Ice • Paper fibers (TP) • Ice • Cotton fibers • Ice

  7. Composite Formal Definition • A complex material, such as wood or fiberglass, in which two or more distinct, structurally complementary substances, especially metals, ceramics, glasses, and polymers, combine to produce structural or functional properties not present in any individual component.

  8. COMPOSITES • reinforcing phase- fibers, sheets, or particles, and is embedded in the other material called the matrix phase. • The reinforcing material and the matrix material may be metal, ceramic, glass, or polymer.

  9. Types of Composite Particulate Al2O3 in Cu, SiC in Al, Gravel in Concrete Fiber Carbon fiber/Epoxy, Easter grass/cement Golf club, Wind turbine blade Honeycomb Carbon fiber sheet over hex Al Laminar Nano CuNb, Multilayer paper w glue Mixed Glass fiber sheet over Resin impregnated paper hexcell with elastomer interlayer Rebar in concrete

  10. Types of Composite Fiber Carbon fiber/Epoxy, Easter grass/cement Golf club, Wind turbine blade Cotton fiber in super glue Fiber strengthened composites can be 1, 2, or 3 dimensional

  11. Cotton Fiber in Super Glue Lay out a sheet of waxed paper Stretch a cotton string across the paper, hold taut Second person applies super glue to soak the string, stopping short of fingers Allow to cure ~ one minute Carefully pull waxed paper from string

  12. Cement Puck • Neat portland cement, 100g with 50g water (1/2 cup cement, ¼ cup water) • Mixture as above plus Easter grass • Cast each in styrofoam bowls • After several days, determine fracture characteristics

  13. Blast Resistance with Fiber-Reinforced Composites

  14. Cross section of extruded decking material.  It is made up of 2/3 wood fiber and 1/3 plastic

  15. Bowed pole stores energy

  16. Hockey Stick

  17. Fiber reinforced golf club vs metal

  18. Types of Composite Honeycomb Carbon fiber sheet over hex Al Glass fiber sheet over impregnated paper Tape over paper hexagonal cells

  19. Ticket Stock Hexagonal Cell Ticket stock comes precut to an exact width. No cutting required. Take 6 lengths of 10 tickets each. Fold each ten ticket length at the perforations to form compact stacks: Compress: Fold each stack in half: Compress:

  20. Ticket Stock Composite Take one folded and compressed stack of ten tickets: Pull partway open:

  21. Ticket Stock Composite Add another: Join each contacting surface Repeat to make three joined units

  22. Join the three units: Then stretch a little….

  23. Apply tape to close the cells: Test by gently bending Test to failure between books with a weight on top Observe failure mode

  24. Types of Composite Laminar Nano CuNb Multilayer paper w glue Formica: paper + phenolic & melamine resins Plywood Auto windshield: glass/polymer/glass Foam beams with glue and paper or with tape

  25. Aluminum Board: The board is made of (2) 6005-T6 extruded aluminum beams that are epoxied along the centerline and press bonded

  26. Composite Tension /Compression • Polystyrene Foam • Tape top side Tape bottom side • Tape both sides • Tape both sides, flaw one side Tape

  27. H Deflection

  28. L W Note length L is the portion beyond the support, NOT the total beam

  29. Deflection Weight Applied

  30. Young's Modulus, PSI E= 4x Load x L x L x L Def x W x H x H x H L = Length of the unsupported portion of the beam W= Width of the beam H= Height (thickness) of the beam D= Deflection Load in pounds, dimensions in inches • In conventional US units the load in pounds equals the force, • dimensions are in inches, E has the units of pounds per square inch. • For Steel: E ~ 30,000,000 PSI

  31. The SI unit of modulus of elasticity (E )is the pascall (Pa or N/m² or m−1·kg·s−2 ). The force of a Newton, 1 kg·m /s2 is that of a smallish apple at sea level. Typical Values: Polymer, Nylon 2 to 4 GPa FCC: Copper 117 GPa, Aluminum 69 GPa BCC: Steel 200 GPa, Tungsten 400 Gpa Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (70/30 fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain), 181 GPa Diamond 1220 GPa

  32. Deflection, m Weight Applied, kg

  33. 4 x mass x 9.81 x Length3 Def x Width x Thickness3 Mass in kilograms Acceleration g in m/s2 Length, Deflection, Width, and Thickness in meters Modulus in Pascals, (kg m/s2)/m2 Modulus = 1 m 1 m One Newton / meter2 = One Pascal

  34. 4 x mass x 9.81 x Length3 Def x Width x Thickness3 Modulus =

  35. Camp Beams

  36. Wood Laminar Composite

  37. Defect

  38. Cracks(defects) in wood

  39. Randomization Of Defect

  40. Constructed from two pieces of Oriented Strand Board with a high density Polyurethane foam core. (Rigid, or cross-linked, polyurethane foams, likely with small closed cells)

  41. Types of Composite Mixed Glass fiber sheet over Resin impregnated paper hexcell w elastomer interlayer Brake pads Cement, Aggregate, Sand, & Rebar

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