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Acids and Bases I

Acids and Bases I. Chemistry II Milbank High School . Acids. Taste Sour Sting or burn the skin Turn litmus from blue to red React with metals to produce H 2 React with bases to become neutralized. Bases. Taste bitter Feel slippery or soapy Turn litmus from red to blue

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Acids and Bases I

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  1. Acids and Bases I Chemistry II Milbank High School

  2. Acids • Taste Sour • Sting or burn the skin • Turn litmus from blue to red • React with metals to produce H2 • React with bases to become neutralized

  3. Bases • Taste bitter • Feel slippery or soapy • Turn litmus from red to blue • React with acids to become neutralized

  4. Arrhenius Theory • Acid • Ionizes in aqueous solution to form H+ ions and anions • Base • Ionizes into OH- ions • Salt • Formed from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid

  5. Bronsted-Lowry Theory • Acid • Proton donor • Base • Proton acceptor

  6. Conjugate Pairs • Conjugate acid • Reactant PLUS a proton • Conjugate base • Reactant MINUS a proton

  7. Strong and Weak Acids • Strong acids • Completely ionized in water • Weak acids • Partially ionized • Monoprotic • Diprotic • Triprotic • Polyprotic

  8. Naming • Ends in –ide • Hypo –ic acid • Ends in –ite • -ous acid • Ends in –ate • -ic acid • Is hypo___ite • Hypo -ous acid • Is per_____ate • Per –ic acid

  9. Bases • Strong bases • Completely ionized • Weak bases • Partially ionized

  10. Acidic and Basic Anhydrides • Acidic anhydride • Nonmetal oxide • React with water to form an acid • Basic anhydride • Metal oxide • React with water to form base

  11. Neutralization Reactions • Acids and bases react with one another to cancel out or neutralize one another • Double replacement reactions

  12. Reactions with Bicarbonates and Carbonates • Produce H2O and CO2

  13. Acids, Bases, and Human Health • Strong acids and bases • Corrosive • Damage cells • Chemical burns • 10 mL of H2SO4 can be fatal • 40 billion gallons produced a year…

  14. Strong Acids and Bases Con’t • Hydrochloric acid • Toilet cleaner • Remove rust • Lime (CaO) • 16 billon kilograms produced a year • Used in mortar and cement • Added to acidic soil • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aka lye • Oven cleaner, clogged drains • Causes severe burns

  15. Acid Rain • Natural rainwater: slightly acidic • More acidic in thunderstorms • Lightning forms nitric acid • Acid rain • Fossil fuels give off sulfur • Sulfur reacts with oxygen to form SO2 • SO2 reacts with O2 to form SO3 • SO3 reacts with H2O to form H2SO4 • Damage buildings, cars, statues, metals • Costs billions of dollars a year

  16. Antacids: A Basic Remedy • Stomach contains HCl • Lining protects stomach, sometimes ulcers develop though • Antacids • Neutralize stomach acid • Contain CaCO3, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2

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