Population Patterns in Chicago: Three Cases

1. Population Patterns in Chicago: Three Cases Chicago History

2. Bell Ringer • AAGPBL and A League of Their Own • Compare each woman’s motivation for joining the league. • Dottie Hinson • Kit Keller • Marla Hooch • Doris Murphy • Mae Mordabito • Evelyn Gardner • Betty “Spaghetti” Horn • How did the men view the women in the league? • Jimmy Dugan • Walter Havey • Ira Lowenstein

3. African Americans in WWII Chicago • World War I initiated the Great Migration… • How do you think WWII affected African Americans? • It encouraged a similar relocation like the Great Migration. • Between 1940 and 1950, more than two hundred thousand African Americans came to Chicago. • Why did African Americans move Chicago during the WWII? • What kind of jobs? • What do you think happens in the Black Belt? • Was not big enough to accommodate the growing African American population. • Led to a lower quality of life: bad housing and poor conditions.

4. Discrimination in the Military • American Red Cross • Developed the blood bank system. • African Americans’ donated blood was segregated from other groups. • African Americans in the military often were segregated and trained for menial jobs. • Cooks, janitors, and “messmen”. • The Chicago Defender leads a crusade… • To honor Dorie Miller’s heroism. • He was an African American messman who manned a machine gun and shot down four Japanese planes. • He was finally awarded the Navy Cross.

5. The CCRE and Civil Rights Reform • In the 1940s, George Houser and James Forman founded the CCRE. • Chicago Committee on Racial Equality. • What do you think the purpose of the CCRE was? • They organized “sit-ins”. • The CCRE would serve as the prototype for the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE).

6. Analyze this picture: • What is this man trying to say? • How did this picture foreshadow an important movement in the 1960s?

7. Japanese Internment Camps

8. Japanese Americans in WWII Chicago • Japanese Americans began to arrive in Chicago during WWII. • In early 1942, the federal government interned 110,000 Japanese Americans in the western states (Executive Order 9066). Why? • Made them live in detention camps. • Later in the war, many interned Japanese Americans were allowed to resettle in lands far from the West Coast. • Nearly thirty thousand moved to Chicago. • Settled in “buffer zones” between white and black neighborhoods. • What kind of jobs would they have?

9. Japanese MIS Soldiers • Military Intelligence Service (MIS) • Secret corps of Japanese American soldiers that specialized in • Translations • Interrogations • Why were they important in the war effort? • Many Japanese MIS soldiers settled in Chicago after the war. • Can you explain the irony of the Japanese MIS soldiers and Executive Order 9066?

10. Italian Americans in WWII Chicago • There was already a sizable Italian American population in Chicago during the war. • They became the targets of suspicion. • During WWII, Italian Americans from Chicago sympathized with Mussolini. • Their treatment was similar to German Americans during WWI, but would not be as “violent”. • How do you think Italian Americans responded to wartime resentment? • They became “Americanized”.

11. What it means to be American? • In groups of 4 or less • Assign a recorder and a speaker • Which group do you believe suffered the most during the WWII? • How did each group show their “patriotic duty” to the US during WWII? • Is being “Americanized” a good thing? Why or why not? • Today do hyphenated Americans still face the same criticism of not being “real” Americans?