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Reverse cycle

Reverse cycle. Refrigeration – A/C Heat pump Performance. History. Dr. Gorrie - 1830 Carrier – 1902 Frigidaire – 1913 Heat pump patented – 1924 1928 – home A/C 1939 – auto A/C 1940 – refrigerated truck. History. 1950’s – window A/C 1950’s – growth southeast & southwest due to A/C.

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Reverse cycle

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  1. Reverse cycle • Refrigeration – A/C • Heat pump • Performance

  2. History • Dr. Gorrie - 1830 • Carrier – 1902 • Frigidaire – 1913 • Heat pump patented – 1924 • 1928 – home A/C • 1939 – auto A/C • 1940 – refrigerated truck

  3. History • 1950’s – window A/C • 1950’s – growth southeast & southwest due to A/C

  4. Working fluid • NH3, CH3Cl, SO2 • Toxic • 1928 – 1930 Freon – DuPont • Nontoxic • Nonflammable • Inexpensive • High latent heat • Low pressure requirement

  5. Freon • Chlorofluorocarbon • Refrigeration & A/C • Aerosol • Foaming agent • Ozone layer 1974 • Banned R12 in 1980’s • R11 → R134a → what’s next?

  6. COP • Refrigeration/air conditioning • Heat pump

  7. VCC • 1→2 isobaric heat addition; saturated vapor at 2. • 2→3 isentropic compression of vapor • 3→4 isobaric heat rejection; saturated liquid at 4. • 4→1 isentropic expansion

  8. Cycle analysis • Isentropic compression • Heat out • Throttling • Heat in

  9. Equipment • Compressor • Evaporator & condenser • Expansion valve

  10. Performance • SEER • HSPF • Tons of cooling

  11. VCC • Simple • Inexpensive • Reliable: “maintenance free” • Limited low temperatures

  12. Examples • VCC model • VCC model • VCC with intercooling between compressor stages

  13. Intercooling • Brayton: reject heat from working fluid to lower temperature surroundings • VCC: use working fluid • Flash chamber

  14. Cryogenics • Cryogenics • Liquefy gases • Store biological material • Reduce friction

  15. Ammonia • Nonflammable • Inexpensive • COPR of ammonia system ~ 20% R134a.

  16. Absorption system • Vapor side • Liquid side

  17. Heat pump • Air source • Ground coupled • Central conditioning

  18. Assignment • M&S Ch. 10

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