Data Sharing – Critical for Global Science

1. Data Sharing – Critical for Global Science E. Lynn Usery usery@usgs.gov http://cegis.usgs.gov

2. USGS Science Strategy http://www.usgs.gov/science_strategy /

3. USGS Science • Understanding Ecosystems and Predicting Ecosystem Change: Ensuring the Nation’s Economic and Environmental Future • Climate Variability and Change: Clarifying the Record and Assessing Consequences • Energy and Minerals for America’s Future: Providing a Scientific Foundation for Resource Security, Environmental Health, Economic Vitality, and Land Management

4. USGS Science • A National Hazards, Risk, and Resilience Assessment Program: Ensuring the Long-Term Health and Wealth of the Nation • The Role of Environment and Wildlife in Human Health: A System that Identifies Environmental Risk to Public Health in America • A Water Census of the United States: Quantifying, Forecasting, and Securing Freshwater for America’s Future

5. USGS Science • Data Integration and Beyond • The USGS will use its information resources to create a more integrated and accessible environment for its vast resources of past and future data. It will invest in cyberinfrastructure, nurture and cultivate programs in natural-science informatics, and participate in efforts to build a global integrated science and computing platform.

6. USGS Data – All USGS data are in the public domain • USGS has vast data holdings, currently organized by Disciplines (5) and Programs (29) • Disciplines • Geography, Geology, Water, Biology, Geospatial Information Office • Currently reorganizing along Science Strategy research priorities; data organization will follow Strategy and will be integrated across research priorities • Council on Data Integration now an active body in USGS to force integration

7. Sample USGS data available over the Web • Data sites shown are only a sampling from the USGS Disciplines • Additional data also available • Most USGS data are for the USA • For global science, data are needed for the rest of the world • Most logical approach is data sharing with other countries

8. Geography – Topographic Data • Raster– nationwide, multiple resolution, multi-temporal • Elevation – 1, 1/3, and 1/9 arcsec (lidar source) • Landcover – LUDA 1970s, NLCD 1992, 2000 • Orthoimages – 1 m resolution, 0.33 m resolution for the 133 HSIP urban areas • Large data volumes; example, 0.33 m resolution orthographic images for city of Atlanta is 800 GB of data • Repeat cycle of 3 years • New effort by Microsoft to obtain 0.15 m resolution for all of USA • http://nationalmap.gov/

9. Geography – Topographic Data • Vector – nationwide, multiple resolution, multi-temporal • National Hydrography Dataset – medium resolution (1:100,000-scale source), high resolution (1:24,000-scale source), and some local • (1:4,800-scale and larger sources) • National Transportation Dataset – from Census • currently negotiating with Open Street Map • National Boundaries Dataset • National Structures Dataset • Geographic Names Information System • http://nationalmap.gov/

10. Geography – Photographs, Maps, Satellite Images • http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/ • Landsat, Terra, Aqua, others • http://store.usgs.gov/ (US Topo and historical USGS quads are here; free download of GeoPDF) • http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/ • http://terraweb.wr.usgs.gov/ • http://glovis.usgs.gov/

11. Geography – The National Atlas • Data at 1:2,000,000 and 1:1,000,000 for the United States and North America • Contributor to 1:1,000,000 resolution dataset for the world • http://www.nationalatlas.gov/

12. Geology • Hazards – earthquakes, volcanoes • Minerals • Energy • Landscapes and coasts • Astrogeology • http://geology.usgs.gov/data.htm#data

13. Geology • Geologic Map Database • http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/

14. Geologic Data • Digital Data Series • 10 Modern Average Global Sea-Surface Temperature • 11 Geology of the Conterminous United States at 1:2,500,000 Scale -- A Digital Representation of the 1974 P.B. King and H.M. Beikman Map • 19 Geology and Resource Assessment of Costa Rica at 1:500,000 Scale--A Digital Representation of Maps of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1987 Folio I-1865 • 20 Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) • 27 Monthly average polar sea-ice concentration • 30 National Oil and Gas Assessment of 1995 • 321 Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio magnetic and gravity maps and data • 38 Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains

15. Geologic Data • 46 Geology and resource assessment of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale • 55 Sea-Floor Images and Data from Multibeam Surveys in San Francisco Bay, Southern California, Hawaii, the Gulf of Mexico, and Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada • 61 Point coverage J498MBPT for Ano Nuevo to Santa Cruz, California - A Photographic Tour of the Coastline • 71 Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles • 72 Bathymetry and Acoustic Backscatter of Crater Lake, Oregon from Field Activity: S-1-00-OR

16. Water Data • National Water Information System – data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico • Real-time data • Surface water • Ground water • Water quality • http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis

17. Water Data • Water data discovery • http://water.usgs.gov/data/ • Floods and High Flow • Drought • Monthly Streamflow • Ground Water • Water Quality

18. Biological Data • National Biological Information Infrastructure • http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt • Vegetation characterization • http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/ • Wildlife • http://biology.usgs.gov/wter/data.html • Invasive Species • http://invasivespecies.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt

19. Data Sharing Needs for Global Science • Land cover change – USGS has data at 30 m resolution for the U.S.A., repetitive coverage with plans for 5 year update cycle • For study of global climate change, we need land cover change at 30 m resolution for the rest of the world. Can we start with a land cover data exchange with China? • For global climate change we need Essential Climate Variables (ECVs); requires global data

20. Data Sharing Needs for Global Science • Energy and minerals – USGS has U.S.A. coverage • Can we exchange data to get world coverage? • Begin with China? • Ecosystems – USGS has data for U.S.A. • Exchange to get data for the rest of the world? • Begin with China?

21. Data Sharing Needs for Global Science • Hazards – USGS has U.S.A. data • Need data for the world to model global hazards, risk, and resilience • Water – U.S.A. data available; exchange for global coverage • Environment effects on wildlife and human health – USGS has some data for USA, but need data for the world for science study

22. Data Sharing Needs for Global Science • Data Integration • Invest in cyberinfrastructure, nurture and cultivate programs in natural-science informatics, and participate in efforts to build a global integrated science and computing platform • Requires global data – only possible through data sharing

23. Technical problems • Compatible data models • Resolution, accuracy issues • Attribution issues – need ontology that allows matching across data schema • Data sharing is more than making data available for download over the Web • Requires standards • USGS data meets Federal Geographic Data Committee and Open Geospatial Consortium standards for metadata and packaging

24. Standards issues • Data sharing is more than making data available for download over the Web • Requires standards • USGS data meets Federal Geographic Data Committee and Open Geospatial Consortium standards for metadata and packaging • Global standards needed to facilitate data sharing

25. Proposal • Project to explore sharing geospatial data for science applications through standards • Begin with existing standards and conduct pilot studies with specific datasets common to China and USA • Initial data for land cover change is a good starting point

26. Data Sharing – Critical for Global Science E. Lynn Usery usery@usgs.gov http://cegis.usgs.gov