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Greek Philosophy

Greek Philosophy. 5-2. Today’s Discussion Questions 5-2. What does the word philosophy mean? List the contributions made to society by the following: Sophists- Socrates- Plato- Aristotle- Who were Herodotus and Thucydides? . Philosophy.

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Greek Philosophy

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  1. Greek Philosophy 5-2

  2. Today’s Discussion Questions 5-2 • What does the word philosophy mean? • List the contributions made to society by the following: • Sophists- • Socrates- • Plato- • Aristotle- • Who were Herodotus and Thucydides?

  3. Philosophy • Philosophy comes from the Greek word for “love of wisdom” • Greek philosophy led to the study of history, political science, science, and mathematics. • Philosophers believed that the human mind could understand everything.

  4. Sophists • Professional teachers that traveled from city to city making a living teaching others • Thought people should use knowledge to improve themselves • Believed that there was no absolute right or wrong and did not believe in the gods • Contribution: Developed the art of public speaking and debate

  5. Socrates • Athenian sculptor • Criticized the Sophists • Believed there was an absolute right or wrong • Asked pointed questions and forced his pupils to use their reason and to see things for themselves • Contribution: Created the Socratic Method of teaching that is still used today • Athenian leaders considered his way of teaching a threat and accused and found him guilty of treason • He was sentenced to death in 399 BC.

  6. Plato • Rejected the idea of a democracy as a form of government • Did not feel that rule by the people produced fair or sensible policies • Believed that philosopher kings should rule • Contribution: Wrote about his ideal government in the book the Republic which introduced that government should be fair and just

  7. Aristotle • Taught the idea of the “Golden Mean” which stressed that a person should do nothing in excess. • Believed observation and comparison were necessary to gain knowledge • Urged people to use their senses to make observations • Wrote over 200 books on philosophy and science • In his book, Politics, he divided all governments into 3 basic types (Government by one, few, and many) • Said that the best government was a mixture of government by few and many • Contribution: His book, Politics, still shape political ideas today.

  8. Greek Historians • Herodotus: Wrote the “History of the Persian Wars” • Tried to separate fact from legend • Asked questions, recorded answers, and checked sources • Often included errors because he used gods/goddesses to explain events • Thucydides: Greatest historian of the ancient world, wrote “History of the Peloponnesian War” • Used accurate facts rather than mythology

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