BRIDGE TO THE PAPP ENGINE

1. BRIDGE TO THE PAPP ENGINE • The Garret Carburetor Patented in 1935 Multi Plate Electrolysis Device with Pulsed Power! Claimed up to 100 MPG Current cars.

2. GARRETT’S SCHEMATIC • Any Questions on this? • Obviously an HHO Device. Patent assigned to SUNOCO. (Source of the 100 MPG Carburetor Urban Legend, “bought and suppressed” by the Oil Companies.)

3. SO WE HAVE A LONG HISTORY • But Until Pons and Fleischmann, no serious effort to investigate ANYTHING besides high energy particle physics and neutron based nuclear fission. • Now this is changing! • Work this out, 30% of power in an standard Otto Cycle, ICE, from this “mysterious” source. • Why not 100% How would you do it without Burning a combustion plasma? (Answer next slide)

4. SYNTHETIC COMBUSTION PLASMA • Electric Arcs in Air are Considered A plasma • Electric Arcs in Noble Gases would be a plasma. • Let’s Look at Papp’s Engine from the “Top Down”, and see how it creates a Synthetic Combustion Plasma.

5. TWO CROSS SECTIONS 90 DEGREES APART

6. PAPP CALLS HIS BRASS PLATES “CAPACITOR PLATES” • We prefer to call them GLIDING ARC guides. • Notice the two tungsten arc points at the bottom of the GLIDING ARC GUIDES. • It is interesting to note that once the arc starts, the mechanism of action is similar to a Metal Halide Light combined with a Tungsten Halogen Lamp. (I.e., the Chlorine actually helps in the life time of the arc points by re-depositing the W back to the points!)

7. PRESUME WE ARE CONTINUOUSLY PROCUCING A GLIDING ARC DISCHARGE IN THE WATER/CHLORINE GAS/NOBLE GAS ENVIROMENT, WHAT HAPPENS? • First of all, an arc discharge, in air or noble gasses or water vapor produces a large amount of UV. • The discharge in a standard Fluorescent light is the source of complete UV which stimulates the Phosphor to white light. • We automatically have two different plasmas going on, one the Arc discharge, two the Noble gasses.

8. WE ALSO HAVE ONE OTHER THING OF GREAT INTEREST • Remember the Chlorine GAS addition to the mix? Papp said it need to be “mixed into” the water. He was right! • It dissolves in water like CO2 in water, and you can “super saturate” it. • So what happens to the WATER VAPOR when put inbetween the gliding arc plates during the Arc?

9. AN INTERESTING SET OF REACTIONS! • The water vapor, under the Arc alone, will have considerable split of H2O into H2 and O2. • YOU KNOW THIS, that is why you use DRY Stick Arc Electrodes to prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement! • BUT there is Cl2 in the water. What happens to Cl2 when exposed to H2 and UV?

10. HERE IS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE H2 AND Cl2 AND A SLIGHT UV (LED Source)

11. Actual Video of UV Cl/H2 explosion

12. Slow Motion of the Explosion

13. WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THIS? • Number One – A very small amount of UV initiates a H2 Cl2 burn. • Number Two – It does progress. BUT the lower section exposed to the UV “ignites” almost immediately. I.e., the more UV…unlike a spark ignition, the more complete the ignition throughout.

14. SO WHAT DO HAVE IN A PAPP ENGINE NOW? • 1. A set of Noble Gasses • 2. An electric arc • 3. Plenty of UV • 4. Chlorine to make a halide light • 5. A gliding ARC, to give residence time to the plasma stimulation. • 6. And the possibility that the selective H2 Cl2 reaction LEAVES O2 radicals around to be involved in Fisher’s Polyneutron generation.

15. ARE WE DONE YET? • Well, not completely. We need to note that a variety of people have established the stability of making arc discharges in WATER. • Thus the water in the cylinders of Papp’s original is no impediment to the “Gliding Arc”. • Now we need to mention the DC phase and the Alpha sources.

16. Papp’s Circuit Diagram Actually very straight forward. When the piston is TDC, the DC Generator is on. The water (partially emulsion) is in the electrodes, and (Presuming some ionization in the water) electrolysis is occuring. As we go to BDC the system changes to the AC, starting an Arc with the W points. The Arc can travel up the guides. Initiating the synthetic combustion plasma.

17. The HHO/Magic/Unknown which causes the big alpha bursts can “accumulate” in a closed system. The whole concept is to create a repetitive combustion plasma without need for a “fuel” The Cl2 and H2, help create that combustion plasma. Along with the UV interaction with the Noble gasses. The plasma transient, stimulates MASSIVE ALPHA bursts. The alpha bursts resolve as mechanical energy (Discuss at length Alpha/Metal interactions) SOME POINTS TO TIE UP

18. A WARNING! • Papp’s original engine, as shown, would probably be a BOMB! • Why? As more power is released, it will tend to speed up. • As it speeds up, if the water arc/gliding arc process does not use up all of the “magic” in each pulse, it will build. • It is a positive feedback device!

19. Last Thoughts: • Surprisingly Papp was probably completely straightforward in his first Patent. • He may have been “convinced” he had “real protection” with it. • He probably knew no one would try it. • His second engine is more elegant and may disguise the need for the electrolysis step (see the H2 and H2O absorbers in the gas treating apparatus. Un-needed with commercial grade inert gasses.)

20. LAST THOUGHTS • Detailed duplication of Papp’s original may be worth while. • Running a closed loop with a large HHO cell set, Chlorine, the Gliding Arc system Burke has made, may accomplish the same thing. • The Chlorine, water, and inert gasses can be pumped in a loop into the piston arrangement, and back THROUGH the HHO generator, to help move the “magic” into the synthetic plasma generator.