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Towards Semantic Collaborative Environments

Towards Semantic Collaborative Environments. Stefan Decker. stefan.decker@deri.org http://www.stefandecker.org/. What is the Semantic Web?. “An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”

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Towards Semantic Collaborative Environments

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  1. Towards Semantic Collaborative Environments Stefan Decker stefan.decker@deri.org http://www.stefandecker.org/

  2. What is the Semantic Web? • “An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” • Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p • “…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences • The next generation of the Web

  3. DERI • Digital Enterprise Research Institute, Galway • Mission: “Connecting the Digital Society” • Focus on Semantic Web basic technology and applications • Established by Science Foundation Ireland Grant, 2003 • 65 Employees

  4. What is the Semantic Web? (so far)

  5. Social Semantic Information Spaces Web 2.0 and social software

  6. Semantic Web 2.0 Semantic Interlinking of Online Community Sites Infiltrating the Web Semantic Blogging Dissemination of Information Semantic Wikis Structuring and browsing the Web (and your desktop!) Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering Using explicit relationships for information delivering and assessment Folksonomies Emerging Semantics ….

  7. Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC) • Motivation: A lot of the information on the Web is hidden in community sites • Connecting forums, posts from many types of online communities (blogs, forums, mailing lists, etc.) • Distributed linked conversations • Decentralised discussion channels • http://rdfs.org/sioc/

  8. The main concepts in SIOC (http://rdfs.org/sioc/)

  9. How does it work?

  10. How can SIOC data be created? • Create SIOC export modules for popular open-source discussion systems • Initial versions of SIOC metadata exporters created for: • Content management system (Drupal) • http://rdfs.org/sioc/drupal • Bulletin board system (phpBB) [in progress] • Blogging system (WordPress) • http://rdfs.org/sioc/wordpress • French blogging system (DotClear) • http://apassant.net/blog/2006/03/12/75-plugin-sioc-pour-dotclear • Infecting the Web Infrastructure: • During next upgrade cycle gigabytes of community databecome available • “I […] think the concept is HOT” – Robert Douglass, Drupal Developer

  11. Sample SIOC export from WordPress

  12. Browsing SIOC (or other RDF) with Piggy Bank

  13. Finding new interlinks with SIOC • Use SIOC metadata to infer new connections between posts, users, forums and community sites • Connections: • Posts by the same user • Posts on the same topic • Posts by friends of a user (social network) • Interests of users subscribed to a particular community forum . . . • Re-use connections • Store inferred connections using property sioc:related_to

  14. Outlook:Argumentative discussion topics similar to IBIS

  15. (Semantic) Blogging: A phenomenon for a new generation? • Cincinnati Enquirer, October 2004

  16. Traditional blogging vs. semantic blogging • Traditional blogging: • Publishing for the “eyeball Web” • Content is text, images, video (i.e. data targeted at people) • Semantic blogging: • Enrich traditional blogs with semantic metadata • Structural: what relates to what and how? • Content related: what is this post about (e.g. a person, an event, etc.)? • Blogging targeted at machines as well as people

  17. Why semantic blogging? • Users collect and create large amounts of structured data on their desktops • This data is often tied to specific applications andlocked within the user's computer • Semantic blogging can lift this data into the Web

  18. Releasing your data to the Web scenario John‘s Computer Blog Post writes Post Ina annotates Post Blog Post Ina‘s Computer Metadata Blog Post imports metadata publishes Post Blog Post Metadata Metadata reads Post John Web

  19. Creating a semantic blog post with semiBlog Annotating a blog entry with an address book entry. <foaf:Person rdf:ID="andreas"> <foaf:homepage> http://sw.bla.org/~aharth/</foaf:homepage> <foaf:surname>Harth</foaf:surname> <foaf:firstName>Andreas</foaf:firstName> <!-- ... more properties ... --> <rdf:value>Andreas Harth</rdf:value> </foaf:Person>

  20. Using the metadata Once a blog has semantic metadata, it can be... • Used to query: “Which blog posts talk about papers by Stefan Decker?” • Used to browse across blogs and other kinds of discussion methods: • Imported into desktop applications of blog readers (AKA “The Web as a Clipboard“)

  21. The Web as a clipboard using a semiBlog reader • A user can import metadata from here into his/her own applications

  22. What are wikis? (1) • A community-developed documentation project • “A piece of server software that allows users to freely create and edit Web page content using any Web browser. Wiki supports hyperlinks and has a simple text syntax for creating new pages and crosslinks between internal pages on the fly.” • Wiki comes from the Hawaiian word for quick • In brief: • Interlinked websites • Collaborative editing • Simple syntax • e.g. Wikipedia.org JohnGrisham He is the author of PelicanBrief.He lives in Mississippi. He writes a book each year. He is published by RandomHouse.

  23. Problems with traditional wikis • Structured access • Information reuse JohnGrisham He is the author of PelicanBrief.He lives in Mississippi. He writes a book each year. He is published by RandomHouse. Structured access: • Other books by JohnGrisham (navigation) • All authors that live in Europe? (query) Information reuse: • The authors from RandomHouse (views) • And what if I don't speak English? (translation)

  24. Semantic Wiki: SemperWiki • Annotation primitives: • Page • Literal: “...” • Annotation: predicate object • Query: subject predicate object • Advanced access: • Intelligent navigation • Query • Data reuse: • Structured information • Views

  25. Content and structural metadata in semantic wikis

  26. How to navigate

  27. Information reuse

  28. Future work for (personal) semantic wikis • Make them collaborative, through P2P or shared storage mechanisms: • Desktop front-end • Shared back-end • Allow sophisticated annotations: • Blank nodes • Compound statements • Integrate with the desktop: • Drag and drop desktop items • Annotate these items

  29. Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering:What is FOAF? • Stands for Friend-of-a-Friend • Defines properties for a person (but it does not have to be a person, can be an “agent”) • Does not only have to contain one person per file • Can build a network of people with foaf:knows links • FOAF can be easily extended to meet requirements, as in the case of FOAFRealm for identity management…

  30. What is social semantic collaborative filtering? • Goal: • To enhance individual bookmarks with shared knowledge within a community • Users annotate bookmarks with semantic information taken (e.g., from DMOZ or WordNet vocabularies) • Catalogs can include (transclusion) friend's bookmarks • Access to bookmarks can be restricted with social networking-based polices • SSCF delivers: • Community-oriented, semantically-rich taxonomies • Information about a user's interest • Flows of expertise from the domain expert

  31. Example of social semantic collaborative filtering foaf:knows xfoaf:include xfoaf:bookmark

  32. Going back…. Memex (Vannevar Bush)A memex is “a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications.” Open Hypertext System(Doug Engelbart)“The open hyperdocument system (OHS) is a standards-based, open source framework for developing collaborative, knowledge management applications.” WWW (Tim Berners-Lee)“There was a second part of the dream […] we could then use computers to help us analyse it, make sense of what we re doing, where we individually fit in, and how we can better work together.”

  33. It wasn’t the time…

  34. But now it is… Today necessary technologies & communities exist: • Standardised metadata: Semantic Web • Scalable distributed infrastructure: P2P Computing • Knowledge articulation and interaction: Desktop/Wiki Technology • Processing of unstructured and legacy information: NLP • Human centric information exchange: Online Social Networks

  35. Desktop: Help individuals in managing information on the Web/their PC Semantic: Make content available to automated processing Social: Enable exchange across individual boundaries Realising the Social Semantic Desktop Person friend Email Event Topic acquaintance Person Document Website colleague Image Personal Semantic Web: a semantically enlarged Social protocols Social semantic peers intimate supplement to memory and distributed search peers

  36. Co-evolving technology streams Semantic Desktop Social Semantic Desktop NLP Ontology-Driven Distributed Social Networking Desktop / Web Semantic P2P P2P Networks Semantic Web Ontology-Driven Social Networking Social Networking Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

  37. NEPOMUK – Building the Social Semantic Desktop • Well balanced set of partners: • IBM, HP, SAP, Thales: large influential partners • Edge-IT (Mandriva Linux): Community involvement and Dissemination • DERI, DFKI, FZI, L3S, EPFL, KTH, ICCS: well reputed research institutions • Cognium (spin of from Institute Luis Pasteur), PRC (conglomerate of consulting companies) : small innovate and motivated companies for use case studies (aka Living Labs) • Key persons in the Knowledge Management and Semantic Web area • Total budget: 17.5 M Euro V.1 How do partners 2&4 add value to the proposal? V.2 How is the role and funding of partner 16 justified, not being the co-ordinator?

  38. Project Structure Nepomuk

  39. Goal breakdown towards the Social Semantic Desktop • Common Reference Architecture for Collaborative Working Environments • Social protocols • Scalable storing and browsing of RDF data • Knowledge Formulations

  40. More information • Semantic Desktop Community Site: • http://www.SemanticDesktop.org • NEPOMUK project: • http://nepomuk.SemanticDesktop.org • Digital Enterprise Research Institute • http://www.deri.ie

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