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istory of Industrial Engineering

istory of Industrial Engineering. "The story of civilization is, in a sense the story of engineering. That long and arduous struggle to make the forces of nature work for man's good". Industrial Engineering is the newest of the major fields of engineering.

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istory of Industrial Engineering

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  1. istory of Industrial Engineering • "The story of civilization is, in a sense the story of engineering. That long and arduous struggle to make the forces of nature work for man's good"

  2. Industrial Engineering is the newest of the major fields of engineering. • It is difficult to exactly determine when Industrial Engineering began...

  3. Specialization of LaborAdam Smith • Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) promotes specialization of labor to improve productivity. • Pin making process. • The division of the task in four separate operations increased the output rate by almost five.

  4. 1,000 pins 48,000 pins • One worker performing all the operations produced 1000 pins a day • Ten workers employed on four more specialized tasks could produce 48,000 pins a day.

  5. Prototyping • Boulton and Watt pioneered the idea of prototypes. They analyzed and tested a prototype before starting the mass production. Prototype P New Prototype needed P Testing P Manufacturing Good Prototype Start mass production

  6. Production Lines • Around the turn of this century, Henry Ford, on observing carcasses on a moving slat conveyor in a slaughterhouse, got the idea of progressive assembly of automobiles using conveyors.

  7. Engineering Economics & Work Design • In 1886, Henry Towne stressed the need for engineers to be concerned with the economic effects of their decisions • Frederick Winslow Taylor "the father of Industrial Engineering” • He developed the concept that work design, work measurement and production scheduling were engineering responsibilities.

  8. ork design • Taylor initialized the concept of work design, also called methods study, by applying engineering analysis to human work situations. • Specifications of the exact method, tools and equipment to be employed • Training the worker to perform operations as specified.

  9. Work Design • Taylor made an analysis of shoveling tasks. • He was not the first one. Leonardo Da Vinci had calculated the rate at which dirt could be removed as part of one of his engineering projects • Taylor noticed that the same type of shovel was used for all tasks.

  10. A shovel full of rice coal weighed only 3 1/2 pounds, the same shovel full of iron ore weighed 38 pounds. • After some experimentation he found that 21 1/2 pounds was the ideal shovel load and designed shovels of different sizes for different tasks • Shoveling productivity improved dramatically

  11. Work Measurement • Taylor pioneered work measurement • This activity is concerned with determining the amount of time an operator should be allowed for performing an operation • The reciprocal of such a time value permits the determination of the amount of production that is expected of an employee in a given period. Stopwatch Time Standard

  12. Frank B. Gilbreth • His first job was as a bricklayer's helper • Gilbreth improved the average production rate from 120 to over 350 bricks per hour • He increased the speed by means of a more effective method... "working smarter, not harder". • Reduced the number of motions from 18 to 5.

  13. 1908 - 1998 • The beginning of the new century made a number of leading United States industrial firms initiate industrial engineering programs in their plants: • Eastman Kodak, Dow Chemical, General Electric, DuPont, AT&T… • Penn State offers the first ever degree program in Industrial Engineering. This year marks our 90th anniversary!

  14. Major Engineering Images They Disciplines Connote Agricultural Engineering Farming or Farm Equipment Aeronautical Engineering Planes Chemical Engineering Refineries, Process Plants Computer Engineering Computers, Internet, Software Civil Engineering Bridges, Roads, Buildings Electrical Engineering Electronic Equipment, Power Generation Mechanical Engineering Engines, Automobiles, Machines Industrial Engineering ???

  15. Three main areas of IE Human-Machine Interface Robotics Physiology Manufacturing Human Factors Automation Ergonomics Psychology Casting Operations Research Work Flow Worker Safety Plant Layout Optimization Queuing Materials Handling Decision Making Inventory Quality Control Simulation

  16. IE only engineering ranked in top 10 by Jobs Rated Almanac Rank Job Title Rank Job Title 1 Actuary 241 Football Player (NFL) 2 Computer Programmer 242 Cowboy 3 Computer Systems Analyst 243 Lumberjack 4 Mathematician 244 Roustabout 5 Statistician 245 Dairy Farmer 6 Hospital Administrator 246 Seaman 7 Industrial Engineer247 Roofer 8 Physicist 248 Construction Worker 9 Astrologer 249 Fisherman 10 Paralegal 250 Migrant Farm worker

  17. What is Unique about Penn State IE? • The first IE department (1908) • Over 7500 alumni • Largest percentage of CEOs and company presidents in the College • Undergraduate Program ranked 5th by US News & World Report

  18. Employment Statistics Projections based on Spring and Summer ‘97: Average salary: $ 38,700

  19. What Americans Earn Initial Industry Typical Professional Pay Average Top Pay Biomedical Eng. $37,750 $72,500 $150,000 Chemical Eng. $39,863 $73,970 $179,700 Civil Eng. $30,690 $62,000 $141,260 Electrical Eng. $33,000 $65,876 $146,000 Mechanical Eng. $36,935 $65,160 $155,734 Industrial Eng. $35,244 $67,000 $215,000 Source: Fortune, June 26, 1995

  20. Study Abroad Programs Country University Spain University of Navarra Israel Technion University

  21. Web Site and Other Contacts http://www.ie.psu.edu Department HeadUndergraduate Information A. Ravindran Elena M. Joshi 865-7601 863-3395 emj3@psu.edu Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Eng. 207 Hammond Building

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