Push and Pull Factors in “El Norte” and “ Lupita Manana ”

1. Push and Pull Factors in “El Norte” and “LupitaManana” Lidia Perez Wri 117

2. Introduction Immigration refers to the act of certain individual leaving their native country because of “push and pull” factors. There is a “push-pull theory” which explains how immigrants are pushed out of their native land and are attract to another country. Immigrants leave their hometown due to the lack of resources, jobs, few education opportunities and political fears and persecution.

3. Thesis The push-pull theory of migration helps explains the movie “El Norte” by Gregory Nava and the novel “LupitaManana” by Patricia Beatty because it gives a better understanding of the difficulties that immigrants have to face in order to go into another country. It will also helps people reflect on the meaning of the “American Dream” and the costs one incurs in seeking it.

4. El Norte Push Factors Pull Factors Better living conditions More educational opportunities Have their own car Safety • What is El Norte about? • Political fears and persecution • Poverty

5. LupitaManana Push factors PullFactor Better job opportunities Higher salaries Better living conditions • What is it about? • Poverty • Less job opportunities

6. Similarities • Theme of immigration • Undocumented immigrants • Cross the border • American Dream • Low income family • They have many dangerous adventures on their way north. • Gives a better understanding of the immigrants experiences

7. Differences El Norte LupitaManana Lupita and Salvador are from Mexico They leave Mexico due to poverty Earn money to support Want to help their mother and siblings • Enrique and Rosa are from Guatemala • Indegeans peasants • They leave their hometown due to the political and fears persucution • Rosa dies at the end of the story due to an illness call thypus which she contracted from the rat bites when crossing the border.

8. Conclusion Gives us a better understanding of the immigrant experiences crossing the border illegally. These two stories remind us that immigration is more than a concept it is about human being uprooting themselves from their homes and their families to try to make a new and better life. It helps us prove how immigrants sometimes can make “American Dream” and sometimes not. For example LupitaManana shows how Lupita could escape from immigration authorities and resolves to learn English and to work hard to support her family.

9. Children Literature: Elena Fortun and Celia Daisy Ramirez Writing 117

10. Thesis • Elena Fortun’s most important contribution to Children Literature were her stories about Celia, who questions society and education, which is important because children during that time did not rebel, question, or go against what they were told.

11. Elena Fortun • Actual name is Encarnacion Aragoneses Urquijo • Spaniard writer born on November 17, 1886 • Education • Philosophy • Letters • Life • Married Eusebio de GorbeaLemmi • Two children • Died May 8, 1952 at the age of 66

12. How Celia began • Summers in Abades • A small town in Segovia • Magazine Black and White in 1928

13. Celia • Blonde 7 year old • Belonged to the Spaniard bourgeoisie • Cuchifritin • Little Brother • Said what she thought • Questioned society, adults, and education • She was advanced for her time

14. Impact • People actually thought she was real • Asked Fortun: • How she was doing • If he had a boyfriend • If she ever though of getting married • Celia was Fortun’s most important and loved character because she called children’s attention to transmit her thoughts about society

15. Celia today • Jose Luis Borau • 1992 • Produced a series of television shows about Celia • Is only known in Spain since Fortun did not publish outside of the country • Is not read as much since times have changed

16. Conclusion • Fortun used Celia for her own benefit since she was able to get across to children and see herself reflected in the little girl because she was the same way when she was a child. She opened their eyes to reality and that it was fine to question society, adults, and education.

17. Comparing and Contrasting

18. Similarities As literature majors we are using fiction to represent reality. We analyze the books of LupitaManana, Celia, and the movie “El Norte” We both have children as characters of the story We came to the conclusion that literature is important in our lives because we learn about new things, and new cultures

19. Differences Lidia Daisy Analyze Celia Spain Topic: Children Literature Celia affected children’s thinking about society, education, and adults • Push and Pull Theory • El Norte and LupitaManana • Mexico and Guatemala • Topic: Immigration • Immigration affects males, females, and children