E-Business and E- Commerce

1. E-Business and E-Commerce Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Business and E-Commerce

2. Content • What is Electronic Business & Electronic Commerce? • Overview of Electronic Business • Corelation Between E-Business and E-Commece • Overview of Electronic Commerce Components • The Benefit / Advantage and Lack of E-Business and E-Commerce. • Type of E-Commerce • Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce • Supply Chain Electronic Commerce • Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce

3. What is Electronic Business • E-Businessmerupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).

7. Hubungan Antara E-Business dan E-Commerce • E-Business: • Improving business • performance through low cost and • open connectivity: • New technologies in the value chain • Connecting value chains across businesses • in order to : • Improve service/reduce costs • Open new channels • Transform competitive landscapes • E-Commerce: • marketing • selling • buying of products and services on the Internet

8. Definisi E-Commerce • E-Commerce merupakan suatu aplikasi dan proses bisnis yang menghubungkan perusahaan , konsumen dan komunitas tertentu melalui transaksi elektronik dan perdagangan barang , pelayanan dan informasi yang dilakukan secara elektronik.

9. Kemampuan E-Commerce TOPII • TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksi yang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembayaran (“electronic payment”concept) • OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan proses manual.(“enerprise resource planning”concept) • PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produk dan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (“electronic cataloging”concept) • INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (“just in time”concept) • INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihak yang akan meminimalkan “human error”(“electronic data interchange/EDI”concept)

10. Kelebihan E-Commerce & E-Business Positive: • Revenue Stream (aliran pendapatan) baru yang mungkin lebih menjanjikan dan tidak bisa ditemui di sistem transaksi tradisional. • Dapat meningkatkan market exposure (pangsa pasar). • Menurunkan biaya operasional (operating cost). • Melebarkan jangkauan (global reach). • Meningkatkan customer loyality. • Memperpendek waktu produksi. • Meningkatkan value chain (mata rantai pendapatan)

11. Mengurangi biaya inventory • Mengurangi biaya komunikasi • Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaan besar dan kecil • Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam nonstop • Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi, anywhere • Memungkinkan barang dijual lebih murah

12. Hambatan dan Tantangan E-Commerce & E-Business • Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal • Delivery channel - Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan. - Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang - Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang • Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust) • Security • Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru - Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu - Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis • Ketidakjelasan hukum - Digital signature - Uang digital / cybermoney - Status hukum dari paper-less transaction

13. Jenis E-Commerce • Business to business (B2B) - Antara perusahaan = e-procurement - Both the sellers and the buyers are business organizations • Business to consumer (B2C) - Retail, pelanggan yang bervariasi, konsep Portal - The sellers are organizations, and the buyers are individuals • Consumer to consumer (C2C) - Lelang (auction) • Government: G2G, G2B, G2C (citizen) - Layanan pemerintah kepada rakyatnya

14. Simpler Trade Procedures • The Single Administrative Document is developed to reduce • the amount of forms needed in shipping

15. Business Applications • FTP • Email • VoiceMail • Conference • Bulletin Boards • Marketing • Advertising • Credit Card transfer • EDI • On-line Catalogues • Stockbroking • Many, many more

16. Components of ElectronicCommerce • Communications • Standards • Software

17. Communications Options • Telephone - Dial-up Connection - Leased Line • ISDN - Basic Rate - Primary Rate • Value Added Networks (VANs) • X.400 an International Standards Organisation (ISO) standard for secure messaging • Networks - Local Area Networks - Wide Area Networks - Intranets - Extranets • Satellite • The Internet - Messaging - File Transfer - Telnet - WWW - XML

18. Standardisation “The adoption of any standard way of formatting data adopted by a community of users”

19. Trading Using ProprietaryStandards Each company needs three different standards in order to do business with its trading partners

20. Trading Using a SingleAgreed Standard Each company requires only ONE standard in order to do business with its trading partners

21. Electronic CommerceSoftware Functions • Data extraction from relevant application(s), or data entry • Data encoding to agreed standard format • Data transmission to recipient(s) • Data receipt by recipient(s) • Data decoding for internal applications • Data insertion into relevant application(s)

22. Business-to-BusinessElectronic Commerce • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • Enhanced Messaging – Email – Voice Mail – Fax • Teleconferencing • Integrated Systems – Intranets – Database Publishing – Knowledge Management

23. Aim of EDI “To transfer data application to application, regardless of platform or operating system, without human intervention”

24. Teleconferencing Teleconferencing enables people anywhere in the world to hold ‘face-to-face’ meetings

25. Supply Chain ElectronicCommerce Can accomodate • Stock Control • Just-In-Time Deliver • Transportation • Warehouse Management

26. Stock Control • Can of beans swiped • Stock system updated • Beans re-ordered electronically

27. A Use of EDI in Shipping Ships can forward information about their cargo to enable stacking plans for containers to be calculated

28. Barcodes In addition to helping retailers, barcodes on packaging and pallets can help managers optimise the warehousing availability

29. Business-to-ConsumerElectronic Commerce • Database Applications • Kiosks • Internet Store Fronts • Downloadable Software and Software Support • Internet Auctions • Advertising on the Internet • Interactive TV

30. Database Applications Holiday bookings at a travel agent rely on Electronic Commerce

31. Internet Store Fronts Amazon is one of the best known Internet store fronts, selling not only books, but music, videos, toys and “eCards”.

32. The Phases of ElectronicCommerce Implementation • Replacing the manual paper-based operations with electronic alternatives • Rethinking and simplifying the information flows • Using the information flows in new and dynamic ways

33. Summary • This session has covered: • What is Electronic Business & Electronic Commerce? • Overview of Electronic Business • Corelation Between E-Business and E-Commece • Overview of Electronic Commerce Components • The Benefit / Advantage and Lack of E-Business and E-Commerce. • Type of E-Commerce • Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce • Supply Chain Electronic Commerce • Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce