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1859

1859. Charles Darwin’s The Origin of the Species is published. “…the view…that each species has been independently created—is erroneous.”. The Theory of Evolution. 1871.

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1859

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  1. 1859 Charles Darwin’s The Origin of the Species is published. “…the view…that each species has been independently created—is erroneous.”

  2. The Theory of Evolution 1871 Charles Darwin’s Descent of Man is published. “…man is descended from a hairy, tailed quadruped, probably arboreal in its habits, and an inhabitant of the Old World.”

  3. 1914 The textbook A Civic Biology is published, which is later used in Dayton, Tennessee. It says evolution is “the belief that all forms of life on the earth slowly and gradually gave rise to those more complex and that thus ultimately the most complex forms came into existence.”

  4. January, 1925 Rep. Butler introduces legislation in the Tennessee House of Representatives calling for a ban on the teaching of evolution. The House approves the “Butler” bill 71-to-5. The Senate follows (24-to-6) in March and the governor signs it into law.

  5. March,1925 This is the first law in the United States to ban the teaching of evolution. It prohibited the teaching of “any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man, as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.”

  6. American Civil Liberties Union May 4, 1925 A Chattanooga newspaper runs an item noting that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is “looking for a Tennessee teacher who is willing to accept our services in testing this law in the courts. Our lawyers think a friendly test case can be arranged without costing the teacher his or her job…All we need now is a willing client.”

  7. May 5, 1925 A group of town leaders in Dayton, Tennessee read the new item and hatch a plan to bring the case to Dayton. They hope it will generate publicity for the town and help its economy. They ask 24-year old science teacher and football coach John Thomas Scopes if he’d be willing to be indicted to bring the case to trial.

  8. Bertram Cates May 5, 1925 Scopes agrees, even though he has only taught biology as a substitute teacher and later says he isn’t sure he covered evolution in his classes.

  9. May-July, 1925 Six blocks of Dayton’s main road are transformed into a pedestrian mall; a speaker’s platform is built on the lawn of the courthouse; a tourist camp is constructed.

  10. May-July, 1925 The courtroom is outfitted with the latest technology to transmit the story to the world: telegraph and telephone wiring, movie-newsreel camera platforms and radio microphones. WGN Radio broadcasts the trial live at a cost of more than $1,000 a day just for the telephone lines—the first such broadcast of its kind.

  11. Matthew Harrison Brady May 12, 1925 William Jennings Bryan, representative from Nebraska A fundamentalist Christian, he agrees to participate in the trial on the side of the prosecution, ensuring that the case will receive national interest.

  12. The “Real”Matthew Harrison Brady • William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) • Called the “boy orator” for his skills as a public speaker • Served in U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska (1891-1985)

  13. William Jennings Bryan • Nominated for president by Democratic and Populist Party in 1896 • His “Cross of Gold” speech at the Chicago Convention earned him national fame

  14. William Jennings Bryan • Nominated by the Democrats again in 1900 • He lost • Nominated by the Democrats again in 1908 • He lost again

  15. William Jennings Bryan • Served as Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson • Was against U.S. involvement in World War I, so he resigned

  16. Henry Drummond May, 1925 Several days later, well-known attorney Clarence Darrow announces his interest in representing Scopes. Represented freedom of belief against Bryan’s fundamentalism.

  17. The “Real” Henry Drummond • Clarence Darrow (1857-193) • The most famous lawyer of his time • Known for his willingness to represent unpopular clients

  18. Clarence Darrow • Defended socialist Eugene Debs against charge of conspiracy in the Pullman strike (1894) Eugene Debs

  19. Clarence Darrow • Gave two-day speech, condemned capital punishment in case of two “thrill killers,” Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb (1924). (He saved them from the death penalty.) Clarence Darrow with Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb

  20. E. K. Hornbeck H. L. Mencken Among the journalists in attendance is the famous H.L. Mencken, who comes from Baltimore to cover the trial.

  21. The Scopes TrialJuly 10, 1925 The “Monkey” Trial begins with jury selection. Judge John Raulston asks the Rev. Lemuel M. Cartright to open the proceedings with a prayer…

  22. The Scopes (“Monkey”)Trial

  23. July 21, 1925 Scopes is found guilty… And ordered to pay a $100 fine

  24. William Jennings Bryan Five days after the trial ended, Bryan died in his sleep in Dayton.

  25. “He that troubleth his own houseShall inherit the wind.”Proverbs 11:29 Matthew Harrison Brady Henry Drummond

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