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Chapter 7

Bad News. Chapter 7. OCCUPATUS. Adj. busy. LABORANTES. Adj. working. SPECTANT. Verb. (they) watch, look at. NUNTIUS. Noun. messenger. VENIT. Verb. (he/she) comes. SALUTAT. Verb. (he/she) greets. SALVE!. Imp. Greetings! Hello!. INQUIT. Verb. (he/she) says. MEUS. Pro. my.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Bad News Chapter 7

  2. OCCUPATUS Adj. busy

  3. LABORANTES Adj. working

  4. SPECTANT Verb (they) watch, look at

  5. NUNTIUS Noun messenger

  6. VENIT Verb (he/she)comes

  7. SALUTAT Verb (he/she) greets

  8. SALVE! Imp. Greetings! Hello!

  9. INQUIT Verb (he/she) says

  10. MEUS Pro. my

  11. DUCIT Verb (he/she) leads, takes

  12. TRADIT Verb (he/she) hands over

  13. EHEU! Imp. Alas! Oh no!

  14. PRINCEPS Noun emperor

  15. AD URBEM Prep. To the city

  16. REVOCAT Verb (He/she) recalls

  17. CONSULERE Verb To consult

  18. REDIRE Verb To return

  19. EUGEPAE! Imp. Hurray!

  20. IRE Verb To go

  21. Expanding Your English Vocabulary 1. The emperor has the power to call back a senator’s privileges. 2. Wearing the toga was a well established customhandeddown among Roman citizens. 3. The messenger’s greeting to the boys was friendly. 4. The games in the arena attract many observers. 5. Cornelia enjoys her time in Baiae more than city life. 6. The visitor declared that he was a messenger from the emperor. 7. The emperor’s letter broughtforth a groan of disappointment from Cornelia. 8. The messenger’s business is to deliver the emperor’s letters. 9. The emperor composes formalletters to instruct the senators. Word Bank: tradition (tradit)________ salutation (salutat) ________ spectators (spectant) _________ urban (urbem) _________ revoke (revocat) __________ epistles (epistulas) _________ consultant (consulere) __________ occupation (occupatus) _________ produced (ducit) __________ announced (nuntius) __________

  22. Pre-Reading…

  23. FABULA In villa sedetvirRomanus, nomine Gaius Cornelius, qui estpater Marci et Corneliae. Cornelius est senator Romanus. Solussedet quod multasepistulasscriberevult. Dum pateroccupatusest, Marcus et Sextus et Cornelia in agrisvicinis errant. Ibimultos servos laborantesspectant.

  24. Gaius Cornelius Meanwhile…

  25. S M C

  26. FABULA Subitonuntiumconspiciunt qui ad eosvenit. Nuntius, ubiadvenit, puerossalutat. “Salve!” respondet Marcus. “Quemtupetis?” Nuntius, “GaiumCorneliumpeto,” inquit. Marcus, “Gaius Cornelius estpatermeus,” inquit. “Est in villa.” Nuntium in villamducit et patrem petit.

  27. S M C

  28. S M C

  29. FABULA “Pater,” inquit Marcus, “nuntius in villa est.” Cornelius statimvenit et nuntiumsalutat. Epistulamnuntiustradit. Cornelius, ubiepistulam legit, “Eheu!” inquit. “PrincepssenatoresRomanos ad urbemrevocat. Eos consulerevult. Necesseest ad urbemredire.” “Eugepae!” clamatSextus, qui Romam ire vult. Gemit Cornelia quod Flaviaurbem venire non potest.

  30. M C S

  31. M C S

  32. Reading Comprehension • 1. Cur Cornelius solussedet? • 2. Ubi Marcus et Sextus et Cornelia errant? • 3. Quos spectant in agris? • Quos…?Whom…? (plural) • 4. Quisadvenit? • 5. Quemnuntius petit? • 6. Cur princeps senators Romanos ad urbemrevocat? • 7. Quisclamat “Eugepae!” Cur? • 8. Cur gemit Cornelia?

  33. Translation Review 1. Quismultasepistulasscriberevult?________________ multasepistulasscriberevult. 2. Quispuerossalutat? ________________ puerossalutat. 3. QuisGaiumCornelium petit? ________________ GaiumCornelium petit. 4. Quisnuntium in villamducit? ________________ nuntium in villamducit. 5. Quisepistulamtradit? ________________ epistulamtradit. 6. Quisepistulam legit? ________________ epistulam legit. 7. Quis “Eheu!” inquit? ________________ senatoresrevocat. 8. Quissenatoresrevocat? ________________ senatoresrevocat. 9. Quisestlaetus quod necesseestRomam ire? ________________ estlaetus quod necesseestRomam ire. 10. Quis ad urbem ire non potest? ________________ ad urbem ire non potest.

  34. Forms: Nouns and Adjectives: The Endings –as, -os, and -es Examples: Multasepistulasscribit. He writes many letters. Multos servosspectant. They watch many slaves. SenatoresRomanosrevocat. He recalls the Roman senators. multasepistulas, multos servos, andsenatoresRomanosuse the new endings singular accusative direct objects end in M plural accusative direct objects usually end in S

  35. Nouns: Cases and Declensions Subject of a verb or a complement with estor suntis the NOMINATIVE CASE Direct Object of a verb is the ACCUSATIVE CASE Examples: NOMINATIVEACCUSATIVE Lupuseumterret. Puellaelupumvident. The wolf frightens him.The girls see thewolf. Lupipuerosterrent. Serviluposrepellunt. Thewolves frighten the boys.The slaves drive off thewolves. Puellaestlaeta. Mater puellamlaetamvidet. Thegirl is happy.The mother sees thehappygirl.

  36. Notes: Most 1st declension nouns are feminine Most 2nd declension nouns are masculine Some 3rd declension nouns are masculine and some are feminine

  37. Direct Object ID 1. Cornelius multasepistulasscribit. 2. Puerimagnamarborem in agrisvident. 3. Nuntius qui ad puerosvenitmagnosclamores audit. 4. Magnasvoces audit. 5. Nuntiuspuerosdefessossalutat. 6. PrincepssenatoresRomanos ad urbemrevocat. 7. Sextus ad magnamurbem ire vult. 8. Cornelia ad urbemredire non vult quod villamrusticam et amicamvicinamamat.

  38. Fill in the Blanks A Latin noun in the nominative case is used as the ______________________ of the verb. A Latin noun in the accusative case is used as the ______________________ ______________________ of the verb. The Latin nouns met so far fall into ______________________ declensions. Nouns in the ______________________ declension end in –a in the nominative singular; but a few nouns, like ______________________ and ______________________, end in –r. The nominative singular of the ______________________ declension varies from noun to noun. Some examples of 3rd declension nouns are: ______________________, ______________________, and ______________________.

  39. Endings Practice Nom. Acc. Nom. Acc. Nom. Acc. 1. voc___ voc___ 3. puer___ puer___ 5. patr___ patr___ 2. serv___ serv___ 4. agr___ agr___ 6. puell___ puell___

  40. Subjects and Direct Objects 1. Cornelius ___________________ scribit. (epistula: sing.) 2. Nuntius ___________________ salutat. (puer: pl.) 3. ___________________ Davumsaepevexant. (puer: pl.) 4. Davusmultas ___________________ audit. (vox: pl.) 5. ___________________ rivumconspiciunt. (puella: pl.) 6. Cornelia ___________________ audit. (vox: sing.) 7. Multae ___________________ Corneliamterrent. (vox: pl.) 8. ___________________ Davusreprehendit. (servus: pl.) 9. Pueri ___________________ sollicitos in via vident. (pater: pl.) 10. Puerossollicitos ___________________ in via vident. (pater: pl.) 11. Lupos ___________________ terret. (puella: pl.) 12. ___________________ puellamsollicitamvident. (servus: pl.) 13. Marcus ___________________ petit. (pater: sing.) 14. Servi ___________________ conspiciunt. (ager: sing.) 15. Davus ___________________ spectat. (ager: pl.)

  41. Rehash Direct Object ID • 1. Cornelius multasepistulasscribit. • 2. Puerimagnamarborem in agrisvident. • 3. Nuntius qui ad puerosvenitmagnosclamores audit. • 4. Magnasvoces audit. • 5. Nuntiuspuerosdefessossalutat. • 6. PrincepssenatoresRomanos ad urbemrevocat. • 7. Sextus ad magnamurbem ire vult. • 8. Cornelia ad urbemredire non vult quod villamrusticam et amicamvicinamamat.

  42. Building the Meaning: Reading with Attention to Cases How to read a Latin sentence: identify the case of each noun AS YOU MEET IT to decide what the function of the word will be in the sentence as a whole. As you meet each noun and decide its function, you will form expectations about what is likely to come later to complete the meaning of the sentence. Examples: 1. Servuscurrit. The first word we meet is servus. We know that it is the subject of the verb because we recognize that it is in the nominative case. The verb (currit) then tells us what the slave is “doing.” 2. ServusDavumconspicit. We go from servus (nominative=subject) to Davum and recognize that Davum is the direct object of the verb because we recognize it as accusative case. Davum also tells us that the verb in this sentence is transitive, because Davum is a direct object and direct objects appear only with transitive verbs. The verb tells us what the slave is “doing” to Davus.

  43. 3. Davumpuerivexant. The first word we meet is Davum. We recognize it as accusative case. The next word is pueri. We recognize that it is nominative, and therefore it is the boys who are doing something to Davus. The verb vexant tells us what they are doing. 4. Ramumarripit. We recognize Ramum as accusative case, and we know immediately that someone is doing something to a branch. Since there is no noun in the nominative case, the ending of the verb indicates the subject (he/she) and the meaning of the verb completes the sense.

  44. Attention to Case Practice 1. Lupus puellasterret. 2. Puellaesilvamamant. 3. Davum et servos puerivexare non timent. 4. Pueros et puellaslupisemperterrent. 5. Servilupos ex agrisrepellunt. 6. Nuntiumpueri et puella in agrisvicinisconspiciunt. 7. Ubipuerosnuntiussalutat, Cornelia ad villamcurrit. 8. Matrem Cornelia statim petit. 9. “Nuntium,” inquit Cornelia, “pueri in agrisnuncsalutant.” 10. “Necesseest,” respondet Aurelia, “cibumparare.” 11. Cibumancillaeparant. 12. Cornelius, ubiadvenitnuntius, eumsalutat. 13. Epistulam Cornelius legit. 14. Aurelia nuntiumsalutat et “Ecce! Cibumancilla,” inquit, “portat.” 15. Statimadvenitancilla, et cibumportat.

  45. Building the Meaning: Nominative or Accusative Plural? How Do You Decide? In 3rd declension nouns, the ending of both the nominative and accusative plural is –es. When you meet a noun with this ending, you cannot tell from the word itself whether it will be a subject or direct object. TO do so in the sentences below, you must first identify the case of the other noun in each sentence. Note the kind of logic modeled below these sentences: 1. Puericlamoresaudiunt. -Since pueri is in the nominative case and is therefore the subject of the verb, clamores must be in the accusative case and therefore the direct object. 2. Puerosclamoresterrent. -Since pueros is accusative, clamores must be nominative. 3. Princepssenatoresexcipit. -Since princeps is nominative, we assume that senatores will be accusative. This is confirmed by the singular transitive verb excipit. 4. Principemsenatoresexcipiunt. -Since principem is accusative, we assume that senatores will be nominative. This is confirmed by the fact that the verb excipiunt is plural. 5. Clamoresmatresaudiunt. -Where both nouns end in –es and the verb is plural, it is the sense that indicates that clamores is accusative and matres nominative. 6. Magnosclamorespatresaudiunt. 7. Magniclamorespatresterrent. -The endings on the adjectives tell that clamores is accusative in Sentence 6, and nominative in 7.

  46. Nominative or Accusative? 1. Flaviaarboresconspicit. 2. HodieFlaviaarboresascenderevult. 3. Quod arboresSextumnuncterrent, puermolestus ad villamredit. 4. Brevi tempore matrespuellasrevocant. 5. Puellaevoces non audiunt. 6. Aurelia, “Eheu!” inquit, “puellaearbores non ascendunt.” 7. Matrespuellas ex arboredescendereiubent.

  47. Writing in Latin 1. Cornelius is writing letters in the country house. 2. The boys run into the woods, because they* want (volunt) to climb trees there. 3. Suddenly they* hear a voice. 4. A messenger comes toward them and says, “I am looking for Cornelius.” 5. “The emperor is recalling the senators.” 6. “It* is necessary to return to the city.” 7. Cornelius wants to write many letters. 8. Marcus and Sextus watch many slaves working in the fields. 9. The messenger greets the boys. 10. The messenger is looking for Gaius Cornelius. 11. The messenger hands over a letter. 12. It* is necessary to return to the city immediately. 13. Sextus wishes to go to Rome, but Flavia cannot.

  48. Culture: The Roman Villa • Cities • Majority lived in insulae (apartments) • Cornelius lived in a domus (self contained house) • Country • Villa (country house)

  49. Country Houses • Houses had three distinct areas • First Area: accommodation for the owner and family when they came to the country (usually in the summer) • Garden with a fishpond • Dining room • Bedrooms • Bakery • Tool room • Baths • kitchen BA BA BA TR BA garden B BR BR DR

  50. Second Area • Housed livestock • Slave quarters for year round workers • Third Area • Room for pressing grapes • Olive pressing rooms • Farmyard with wine vats • Barn for storage grain • Area-open space for threshing grain Villa rustica livestock Pressing grapes Slaves quarters Olive press Wine vats Threshing floor B A R N

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