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Kennedy and The Cold War 1960-1963

Kennedy and The Cold War 1960-1963. Ch 20 Section1 JFK and the Cold War. What was the new military policy of JFK’s Administration? What was the crisis over Cuba? Why was Berlin a Cold War symbol of the 1960’s?. JFK’s Military Policy.

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Kennedy and The Cold War 1960-1963

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  1. Kennedy and The Cold War1960-1963

  2. Ch 20 Section1 JFK and the Cold War • What was the new military policy of JFK’s Administration? • What was the crisis over Cuba? • Why was Berlin a Cold War symbol of the 1960’s?

  3. JFK’s Military Policy • Kennedy built up the conventional and nuclear weapons systems to deter the USSR and to close the missile gap with the Soviets • Between 1960-1962 military spending increased 30%, $43 billion to $56 billion • The Special Forces or Green Berets were created • Kennedy expanded the CIA and and Black Operations

  4. The Bay Of Pigs Invasion • Fidel Castro had led a revolution in Cuba and seized power from Batista in 1959 • JFK learned of a CIA planned approved by IKE to train Cuban exiles and allow them to attack Cuba, and overthrow Castro • In April 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles never reached the beach • The air strike failed and Castro waited with 25,000 troops and Soviet Weapons • Kennedy, CIA, and the US were embarrassed on the world stage, total fiasco

  5. Southeast Asia • Kennedy sent in hundreds of Green Berets when the Vietcong Communist Guerrillas attacked South Vietnam and the US supported Ngo Dinh Diem • By 1963 16,000 US troops had been sent to South Vietnam • Diem lost the support of the people and protest erupted (Ex. Buddhist Monks) • Upon approval from the CIA Diem was assassinated by his Generals • Americans witnessed the protests through TV, US causalities increased

  6. The Berlin Crisis • In 1961 Khrushchev and JKF met in Vienna, Austria • JKF felt he looked weak and second best • Khrushchev threatened to force the Western powers out of West Berlin • 3 million East Germans had fled to West Berlin since the end of WWII • JFK told Americans we stay in Berlin • August 13th, 1961 Khrushchev responded by allowing East Germany to construct The Berlin Wall

  7. The Cuban Missile Crisis • In the summer of 1962 the Khrushchev began shipping Soviet Offensive Nuclear Missiles to Castro In Cuba • The US had Offensive Missiles in Turkey • In October 1962 U-2 Spy planes took pictures of the weapons that could reach the US in minutes and destroy American cities

  8. Kennedy’s Options • Invade Cuba? Soviet Troops were present • Bomb the Sites? Sneak Attack? • Naval Blockade around Cuba, or a “Quarantine”

  9. Brink of Nuclear War • The US was on DEFCON 3, 100,000 US troops readied in Florida to invade Cuba • The Naval Blockade was in place around Cuba • The Soviet Cargo Ships stormed to the blockade, but then turned around • Days later Khrushchev pledged to remove the missiles if we pledged not to invade Cuba, and secretly months later we removed our missiles from Turkey • RFK was instrumental in dealing with the Soviet ambassador

  10. Outcomes of the Crisis • Khrushchev prestige was damaged, JFK looked stronger, but he was criticized for brinksmanship • The Hot-line was established between Washington/Moscow • JFK wanted to relax Cold War Tensions • In 1962 the US and the USSR agreed to the Limited Test Ban Treaty which banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere

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