Unit 6 Section B

1. Unit 6 Section B Judge By Appearance

2. Class Schedule • Reading Skills • New words and expressions • Text • Test Yourself

3. Reading Skill Exercises Reading Skill

4. Reading Skills Example Reading for the Main Idea in Paragraphs A standard criticism of sociological research is that it goes to great lengths to prove what most people with common sense already know. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism, I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it—except that, for me and a classmate (and maybe for some who read this account), the experience made a common claim come alive. most likely appears in the beginning (especially the first and/or second sentence) and at the end of the paragraph,   helps get the whole picture of the text and skip the less important details, thus improving your reading speed, Main idea:I want to describe a sociological experiment.  and helps predict or better understand the rest of the text.

5. Reading Skills Exercises Finding Out the Main Idea of Each Paragraph During spring break from a local college, my friend and I went downtown to shop. First, however, we made ourselves virtually unrecognizable to our friends and even to our families. We wore clothing slightly inappropriate for the weather, clean but not ironed, clearly not the styles worn by most visitors to the area. We carried plastic bags of nameless possessions. Both of us were slightly untidy. My friend wore a faded cotton shirt over a T-shirt and a wrinkled skirt over sweat pants. I wore a wool hat that concealed my hair and an unfashionable coat and glasses with sun shades that Main idea:My friend and I dressed so that no one would recognize us and then went downtown to shop. clip on.

6. Reading Skills Exercises Finding Out the Main Idea of Each Paragraph So what did we learn? Mostly what we expected, what everybody knows: people judge by appearances. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social grace most of us take for granted. Lacking the culturally acceptable symbols of belonging in this setting, we became, to a degree, objects, with less inherent. Main idea:People judge by appearances. dignity as persons.

7. New Words Expressions New Words and Expressions

8. conceal vt. keep sth./sb. from being seen or known FOR EXAMPLE: He concealed his sorrow beneath a cheerful appearance. 他以欢快的表情掩盖悲伤。 She knew at once that he was concealing something from her. 她立即就明白了他有什么事瞒着她。 Now you try: 他竭力向家人隐瞒他大量酗酒的事实。 He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family.

9. exclusive a. conclude to close, shut clud include seclude FOR EXAMPLE: preclude 1. The ship had a crew of 48, exclusive of officers. 船上有48名船员，不包括军官。 2. This bathroom is for your exclusive. 这个浴室归你专用。

10. 1) to deprive of confidence, hope, or spirit discourage vt. 2) to try to prevent by expressing disapproval or raising objections FOR EXAMPLE: He is never discouraged by difficulties. 他从未因困难而泄气。 What discourages me from going camping is the rain. 阻止我去宿营的就是这场雨。 Now You Try: 禁止在校园里吸烟。 We discourage smoking on the university grounds.

11. imitate vt. Take or follow as an example FOR EXAMPLE: At yesterday’s party, Elizabeth’s boyfriend amused us by imitating Charlie Chaplin. He is very clever at imitating his friends. 他很善于模仿朋友们的讲话和动作。 Now you try: 他仿制毕加索的作品。 He imitated the works of Picasso.

12. to be or go with as a companion accompany vt. to coexist or occur with FOR EXAMPLE: Tomorrow the mayor is to accompany a group of Canadian business on a tour of the city. 明天市长将陪同加拿大的商业代表团参观该城市。 Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa. 肯答应陪我去非洲旅行。 Now you try: 发烧几乎总是伴有咳嗽。 Fever is almost always accompanied by cough.

13. exist or happen generally prevail vi. fight successfully (against sb./sth.) strong FOR EXAMPLE: So far, prevailing winds and currents have kept the thick patch of oil southeast of the Atlantic coast. 到目前为止,盛行风和洋流仍使得厚厚的油层停留在大西洋海岸的东南方. The custom prevails over the whole area. 该风俗存在于整个地区。

14. Expressions 1. go to great lengths to do make great efforts FOR EXAMPLE: Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive. 有些人千方百计使他们的家令人钦羡。They went to great lengths to keep the affair secret... 他们竭尽全力为这事保密。 Now you try: 这位著名演员竭尽所能躲避记者和摄影师。 The famous actor went to great lengths to hide from news writers and photographers.

15. 2. speak of suggest sth. FOR EXAMPLE: Her behavior speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的行为反映了她勇敢承受着的痛苦。 The whole robbery spoke of inside knowledge on the part of the criminals. 整个抢劫案表明罪犯掌握了内情。 Now you try: 她的眼中流露出痛苦的神情。 Her eyes speak of suffering.

16. 3. turn out prove to be FOR EXAMPLE: It turned out that she was my sister’s friend. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。 As events turned out, we were correct to have decided to leave early. 正如结果所证明的，我们决定早点离开是对的。 注意本课的近似词组： turn sb. off 撵走，赶走 turn sb. out 不理会，不理睬 turn to sb. 转向 …people turned us off or tuned us out on the basis of appearance alone. (Para. 3) I had just noticed the place and had turned tomy companion. (Para. 8)

17. Text Structure Intensive Study Text

18. Text Structure Part One (para.1): Forward: people’s criticism of sociological research Part Two (Para.2-6): Experimental process: our experience in the downtown when we were dressed as street people Part Three (Para.7-9): Conclusion: People do judge by appearance.

19. this account:this report, article common claim:commonly accepted belief ( judge by appearance) 我不想确切地赞成或反对此类批评，我只是想描述一个似乎可以证实它的社会学考察。但对于我和我的一位同学来说（也许还有那些看到本文的人），此次考察的经历使得一个众所周知的观点变得栩栩如生了。 Part One Intensive Study 1. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism, I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it—except that, for me and a classmate (and maybe for some who read this account), the experience made a common claim come alive. (L2)

20. Part Two Intensive Study Please discuss their routine of experiment Bargain store The lobby of a large hotel Were refused a second-hand shop One establishment Stare, point, laugh Give along, doubting looks

21. Part Two *that=to look like street people what difference作that made的宾语。 Meaning:to see what different effects that produced … 我们的目的是使自己看似漂泊街头的人，以观察他人对我们这样的打扮会有何不同反应——是否贫穷的外表会招来别人的歧视。 Paraphrase and Translate 2.The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond tous—whether the appearance of poverty would invite prejudice on us. (L13)

22. Part Three Intensive Study What did they learn from this experiment ? After reading the Passage and then please watch the video clip and answer the following questions. 1.Why did the clerk first take Mr. Adams to the section where cheap clothes are sold? Then why did his attitude change? 2. Is it avoidable to judge others by appearances? Why and why not? 3. Is it wrong to judge others by appearances? Why and why not?

23. Part Three with much social grace disappearing 仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失殆尽。 Pharaphrase and Translation 3. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social grace most of us take for granted. (L39)

24. Part Three We used to feel that it’s wrong to say people all judge others by appearance. But now we firmly believe it’s right. 我们曾经认为流行在我们周围的人当中的看法是肤浅且带有偏见的。仅仅几个小时后，我们发现自己已接受这一观点并深信不疑。 Paraphrase and Translate 4. In a very few hours, we found ourselves accepting and internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves that prevailed among the people we met; … (L48)

25. Dictation Translation Test Yourself

26. Phrase Translation • 对······感到舒服 • 认真/严肃地对待 • 增加对 ······的信心 • 从古至今 • 是对······的真实写照 • 把······加在某人身上 • 在······方面做得好 • 竭尽全力去做 • 能做，胜任 • 泄露，暴露

27. Sentence Translation • 他误解了自己最好的朋友，感到非常内疚。 • 显然，他总以为自己的学历和工作经历肯定会给人深刻的印象，但实际并非如此。