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Understanding Protein Conformation and Disease Transmission

Learn about amino acid isomers, peptide bonds, protein structures, neurological diseases caused by misfolded proteins, and more. Discover the fascinating world of proteins and their role in health and disease transmission.

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Understanding Protein Conformation and Disease Transmission

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  1. L and D isomers of amino acids

  2. Ionization state as a function of pH

  3. Trans and cis • Peptide bonds • Trans and cis X-Pro • Peptide bonds

  4. Rotation about bonds in a polypeptide

  5. Ramachandran diagram

  6. a-helix

  7. Ferritin, an iron-storage protein

  8. Antiparallel -sheet

  9. A parallel -sheet

  10. A fatty acid-binding protein

  11. A leucine-zipper

  12. Collagen triple helix

  13. Collagen helix

  14. Hemoglobin

  15. Many sequences can adopt alternative conformations in different proteins.

  16. Misfolding and aggregation • Neurological diseases can be transmitted purely by proteins • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, Scrapie in sheep (Nobel prize in Physiology 1997)

  17. Prion diseases • Transmissible agent consists of aggregated forms of a specific protein. • The protein aggregates are resistant to treatment with agents that degrade most proteins • The protein is lagely or completely derived from a cellular protein, called PrP, that is normally present in brain

  18. Prion aggregation

  19. A structure of amyloid fibers

  20. Ribose and deoxyribose

  21. Backbones of DNA and RNA

  22. The human genome 3 billion nucleotides 24 different chromosomes • Indian muntjak, 3 chromosomes

  23. A prokaryotic and an eukaryotic cell

  24. Gene expression

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