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L and D isomers of amino acids

L and D isomers of amino acids. Ionization state as a function of pH. Trans and cis Peptide bonds Trans and cis X-Pro Peptide bonds. Rotation about bonds in a polypeptide. Ramachandran diagram. a- helix. Ferritin, an iron-storage protein. Antiparallel  -sheet. A parallel  -sheet.

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L and D isomers of amino acids

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  1. L and D isomers of amino acids

  2. Ionization state as a function of pH

  3. Trans and cis • Peptide bonds • Trans and cis X-Pro • Peptide bonds

  4. Rotation about bonds in a polypeptide

  5. Ramachandran diagram

  6. a-helix

  7. Ferritin, an iron-storage protein

  8. Antiparallel -sheet

  9. A parallel -sheet

  10. A fatty acid-binding protein

  11. A leucine-zipper

  12. Collagen triple helix

  13. Collagen helix

  14. Hemoglobin

  15. Many sequences can adopt alternative conformations in different proteins.

  16. Misfolding and aggregation • Neurological diseases can be transmitted purely by proteins • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, Scrapie in sheep (Nobel prize in Physiology 1997)

  17. Prion diseases • Transmissible agent consists of aggregated forms of a specific protein. • The protein aggregates are resistant to treatment with agents that degrade most proteins • The protein is lagely or completely derived from a cellular protein, called PrP, that is normally present in brain

  18. Prion aggregation

  19. A structure of amyloid fibers

  20. Ribose and deoxyribose

  21. Backbones of DNA and RNA

  22. The human genome 3 billion nucleotides 24 different chromosomes • Indian muntjak, 3 chromosomes

  23. A prokaryotic and an eukaryotic cell

  24. Gene expression

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