1 / 16

Introduction

Introduction. Wed, Aug 31, 2005. Introduction. Syllabus Lectures Assignments Page xi – Interactive Exercises Page xvi – Graphing Calculator. The Scientific Method. Formulate a theory. Collect some data. Summarize the results. Make a decision. The Scientific Method.

levi
Download Presentation

Introduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction Wed, Aug 31, 2005

  2. Introduction • Syllabus • Lectures • Assignments • Page xi – Interactive Exercises • Page xvi – Graphing Calculator

  3. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory. • Collect some data. • Summarize the results. • Make a decision.

  4. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory – Chapter 1. • Collect some data. • Summarize the results. • Make a decision.

  5. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory – Chapter 1. • Collect some data – Chapters 2 – 3. • Summarize the results. • Make a decision.

  6. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory – Chapter 1. • Collect some data – Chapters 2 – 3. • Summarize the results – Chapters 4 – 5. • Make a decision.

  7. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory – Chapter 1. • Collect some data – Chapters 2 – 3. • Summarize the results – Chapters 4 – 5. • Make a decision – Chapters 6 – 14.

  8. The Scientific Method • Formulate a theory – Chapter 1. • Collect some data – Chapters 2 – 3. • Summarize the results – Chapters 4 – 5. • Make a decision – Chapters 6 – 14. • Theoretical underpinnings – Chapters 6 – 8. • Making decisions in a variety of situations – Chapters 9 – 14.

  9. Formulate a Theory • This example is taken from Chapter 14, p. 941. • Based on reports from patients, researchers formulate the theory that the following allergy-relief medications cause insomnia in some patients. • Claritin-D • Loratadine • Pseudoephedrine

  10. Formulate a Theory • This theory will be tested by posing it as a question with two competing answers. • Question: Do these medications cause insomnia?

  11. Formulate a Theory • The possible answers are stated more precisely as two competing hypotheses: • “Null:” There is no difference in the insomnia rates among users of these medications nor between them and non-users. • “Research:” There are differences in the insomnia rates.

  12. Collect Some Data • 3036 subjects, some users and some non-users, were studied.

  13. Summarize the Results • We use some fancy formulas, or use the TI-83, and compute a special quantity: 2 = 154.22.

  14. Summarize the Results • We use some fancy formulas, or use the TI-83, and compute a special quantity: 2 = 154.22. • (If there really is no difference in the insomnia rates, then we “expect” this calculation to yield the value 3, plus or minus a bit.)

  15. Make a Decision • We compare this to a value that we look up in a table, or use the TI-83: Critical value = 7.815. • Since 2 is larger than the critical value, we conclude that the “research” hypothesis is correct: There is a difference in the insomnia rates.

  16. Some Questions • Does this procedure prove that the medications caused the insomnia? • Does it show that the insomnia rates were higher for the groups that took the medications?

More Related