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The Swedish Waste Management System

The Swedish Waste Management System. Part 1. Sweden Avfall Sverige – Swedish W aste Management . Sweden. 9,4 million inhabitants 450 000 km 2. Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management. An organisation in the Waste Management and Recycling Sector

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The Swedish Waste Management System

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  1. The Swedish Waste Management System

  2. Part 1 Sweden Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management

  3. Sweden • 9,4 million inhabitants • 450 000 km2

  4. Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management • An organisationin the Waste Management and Recycling Sector • 400 members, primarilywithin the public sector, butalso private enterprises • Throughourmembers,werepresent 99,9 % of the Swedish population • Our primary task is to represent and develop members by • creating networks, • providing information and training, • and influencing decision-makers • Memberof Cewep, ECN, ISWA and Municipal Waste Europe

  5. Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management • Our members • are responsible for municipal waste management • provide services for otherwastecategories • represent an important part of the infrastructure in the society • We – together - are aimingtowards an environmentallycorrect and sustainablewaste management, for the benefit of society

  6. Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations

  7. Waste - a resource

  8. Waste hierarchy

  9. Uniqueresults

  10. The development

  11. Important steps of development • Late 1800:Cholera-epidemic - start of municipal waste management • 1950’s: • Districtheating systems developed • 1970’s and 80’s:Oil crises - waste is beingused for districtheating

  12. Important steps of development Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes) Landfill tax introduced Ban on landfillof combustiblewaste Producers’ responsibility introduced Ban on landfillof organicwaste and national target on foodwaste Municipal waste planning compulsory On-going national overview

  13. Clear division of responsibilities Producers: • Collection and treatmentofwastewithin the ProducersResponsibility • Municipalities: • Collection and treatmentof municipal waste • Information tohouseholds • Parliament/Government • SupervisoryAuthorities Waste generator: • Citizens/households: Separation and leave/transport wasteat indicatedcollectionpoints • Companies/Industries: Handling ofowngeneratedwaste

  14. Authorities and agencies National level • Parliament • National environmentaltargets • The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency • National waste plan • Producesnational legislation and guidelines • National environmental courts (5 plus onesuperior): • Gives permissions to largertreatment plants Regional level • County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties): • Regional environmentaltargets • Permissions and control for mosttreatmentplants • Supervision of the regional treatmentcapacity Municipal level • Municipal authorithies: • Localenviroenmentaltargets • Localwaste plans and regulations • Permissions and control of smallertreatmentplants

  15. Operations Municipalitiesdeal with theirresponsibility in different waysand design theirownwaste management organisation Administration: • Almost 50% haveformed municipal wastemanagement companies Collection of municipal waste: • 30% inhouse operation • 70% contracttoprivate operators Treatmentof municipal waste: • 35% inhouse operation • 65% contract to other operators, mainlymunicipallyowned

  16. Co-operation Co-operation – the solution to an increasinglycomplexwaste management: • Optimizingenvironmental and social benifit • Handle the waste in a cost-effecientway • Securingcompetence

  17. Part 3 OverviewModel Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling

  18. Overviewmodel

  19. Public awarness - a successfactor Keymessages and tools for motivation and tofacilitatecollaboration: • Communication • Developmentofselfinstructive systems • Feed back of the results and that ”whatIdo matters” • Emphasize on the wasteholdersresponsibility and participation

  20. Waste prevention in Sweden • 99 % material recycling or energyrecoverytoday  more focus on waste prevention • Information, knowledge and behavioursuccessfactors • Long tradition of reusethrough flymarkets, second hand, collection at recycling parks, etc • Largestchallenge: decouplingbetweengeneratedwaste and economicgrowth Generatedhouseholdwaste in Sweden is predictedto double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA) Generatedwasteworldwide is predictedtorisewith 72 % 2010-2025 (What a Waste-A global reviewof Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)

  21. Infrastructure Collection ofwaste from householdsbased on source separation • Curbsidecollection • 630 manneddrop-off recycling centers • 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations Treatmentand recycling ofwastebased on the charcterof the waste • 58 organicwastefacilities • 32 waste to energy plants • 79 landfills

  22. Recycling centers

  23. Recycling and treatment Different treatmentmethodsdepending on the character of the waste,makes it possible to use the waste as a resource Foodwaste Materials Combustiblewaste New products Biofertilizer Biogas Districtheating Electricity

  24. Productionof biogas and bio-fertilizer • The mostincreasingtreatmentmethod • Energy recovery by the productionof biogas used as a vehicle-fuel • Recycling of nutritions tofarming-land by the productionof bio-fertilizer • Source separation and qualityassurancekeywords During 2011, 322 GWh vehicle-fuelwasproduced from foodwastereplacingabout 30 millions liters of petrol. 600,000 tonnesfertilizer is replaced with biofertilizeryearly in Sweden.

  25. Generation ofdistrictheating and electricity • Covers around 20 % of the total districtheating in Sweden, equals the needs of 900 000 homes • Produceselectricitycorresponding to the needs of 250 000 homes • Advanced and secureflue gas treatment • Most of the rest-productscan be recycled Total energyproduction 2011: Districtheating: 13,5 TWh Electricity: 2 TWh (includingindustralwaste)

  26. Efficient and cleanwaste incineration

  27. From landfills to modern recycling facilities (Illustrator: Per Josefsson)

  28. An integrated part of a holistic system Products Farms Households Material recycling Sewage water cleaning Biosolids Waste Anaerobic digestion Vehiclefuel Landfill Biogas Cooling/ heatingproduction Incineration Electricityproduction Otherfuels

  29. Part 4 Waste Economy Meansof Control SuccessFactors Vision and Long Term Goals

  30. Waste economy Municipal waste: • All costscovered by municipal wastefees (not by taxes) • Tariffs decided by each municipal board • Non-profit • Allowed to be differentiated to encouragesource separation for recycling Municipal wastewithinproducers’ responsibility: • Costscovered by afeeaddedto the priceof everyproduct

  31. Waste fee • Averageyearlyfee per • household 2011: • Houses: 240 EUR • Flats: 150 EUR Averagedailyfee per household

  32. Costs for municipal waste management Cost for municipal waste management, 2010, average

  33. Meansofcontrol • Environmentalobjectives • Governmentregulations, bans, and taxes, for example: • Tax on landfilling (since 2000) • Ban on landfilling of combustiblewastesince 2002 • Ban on landfilling of organicwastesince 2005 • Differentiated municipal waste tariffs • Municipal wasteplanningand regulations • Information and communication

  34. Importantsuccessfactors • Waste management is a public service • Clear division of roles and responsibilitiesenablenecessaryinvestments • Clear national environmentaltargetsshowing the direction • Long-term regulations and economicalsteeringinstruments • Co-operation betweenmunicipalities • Co-operationwithinmunicipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) • Collaboration between public and private sectors • Focus on communication and public engagement

  35. Avfall Sverige’s vision Zerowaste! Long-termgoalsuntil2020: • Decouplingbetweengeneratedwaste and economicgrowth • Strong upwardmovement in wastehierarchy Economic growth BNP Generatedwaste

  36. Part 5 Waste Management on Export – A new Swedish Platform

  37. Aim with the new platform To facilitate the export of • Swedish knowledge about waste management, • products and services within the waste sector, through cooperation among municipalities, municipal companies and the private sector.

  38. A strategybased on cooperation Swedish waste management - municipalities - municipal companies - private companies (technology suppliers and knowledgesuppliers) One strong platform with a unique combination of competences

  39. Whatwearedoing • Defining offers to form a product catalogue • Making an inventory of resources matching the offers • Developing business models for co-operation between municipalities and companies in order to be able to form the strongest offer • Preparing a routine for canalize and asset incoming requests • Taking part in pilot projects in different countries to be able to further develop our models and routines

  40. Offers Questions Matching offers Management on local, regional and cluster level: Co-operation, organization, waste economy, tax fee construction, etc Waste management in sustainable urban development: System design, waste planning, solutions for collection- and sorting systems Providingtreatmentcapacity (incluing solutions for logistics) as a transfer solution. • ”How do we find the form/organisation to achieve what we want with our waste management system?” • ”How should we form our waste management system on an overview level?” • ”We are in the need of treatmentcapacity, butwe do not have the funds or time to prioritize to build up all capacity right now”

  41. Offers Questions Matching offers Setting up different waste facilities: Financing possibilities, feasibility studies, procurement, construction, etc Operation, support and optimization of different waste facilities Communication and campaigns (raise awareness) Training courses overseas or in Sweden, offer internship possibilities. • ”We know what we want to build, but we need support in setting up the plant/facility.” • ”We have got a plant/ facility. But we want to improve in running and maintain it, and get the most out of it.” • ”We want to reach the public, the decision makers or other stakeholders with our message.” • ”We want to train our personnel.”

  42. Swedish Waste Management on Export Contact and information Project leader: Jenny Åström jenny.astrom@avfallsverige.se +46-70-5136612 Workinggroupchair: Thomas Nylund thomas.nylund@gastrikeatervinnare.se +46-26-178489 avfallsverige.se/in-english/waste-management-on-export/

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