PSYCHOLOGY!!!!!!

1. PSYCHOLOGY!!!!!! Bell Work: Get books and folders Task #2: Best of your knowledge What is psychology? What work do you think psychologists do? What do psychologists study? Why is psychology important?

2. Psychology • Study of behavior and mental processes • Counselors, therapists, or researchers • Study how people react to situations, why, and experiment to see if you can change reactions • Studying human behavior and how we think can often help people see things differently; it can also help w/how people approach their own behavior as well as how they approach others’ behaviors. • Example????

3. Notes: Good times!! • Psychology • Scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Behavior • Any observable or measurable action • Goals of Psychology? Out loud Read pg. 4/5 • Goals (Break these down on the board) • Observe • Describe • Explain • Predict • Control

4. Psychology is a science? • Psychology as a science (2 times over) • Social science (b/c it studies human society/people) • Natural: b/c it can concern processes of the brain (biology) but mostly b/c it uses the scientific method in attempting to answer questions!! • Conduct experiments, collect/analyze data, draw conclusions

5. Anchor Work • Lovely Activity of the mind!! • POP QUIZ over stuff just covered! • Put away materials

6. Bell Work • Grab textbook and journal folders • Task #3 You have until 11:45 • Read/Answer thinking about Psychology on pg. 6 • Go over answers to Bell work with 12 o’clock partner • Post Bell Work; after we go over material!! • Read assigned section of book and do “Give one take one” reading activity

7. Research/Theories • Research: Where psychologists test their ideas w/ 2 main types • Surveys: Magazine example • Collecting date by asking questions to people in a particular group • Experimentation: Ruler example • Testing whether certain factors will influence a desired outcome • Norwood example: he kicks good @ practice w/ no pressure; put noise and his new girlfriend around and he misses • Theories: This is how psychologists organize their ideas about behavior. • Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and/or happen the way they do • Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of people around and he begins to focus on them and not the task at hand

8. Bell Work • With your 3 o’clock partner prepare a 2 level riddle for two of the sub-categories you talked about yesterday • Write your riddles on the board • Answer the others riddles on the board from classmates • Answers should be in your journal folder under Task #4!! • Example: • This type/area of psychology deals a lot with businesses, testing centers, and can also have private practices (10 points, harder of two) • Counseling • This type/area of psychology deals in hospitals, and usually helps people with serious psychological problems • Clinical

9. Finish Notes and ruler example!! • Theories: This is how psychologists organize their ideas about behavior. • Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and/or happen the way they do • Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of people around and he begins to focus on them and not the task at hand

10. History of Psychology • Introspection • Method introduced by Socrates in his statement “know thyself” • What do you think he meant by this? • That you can learn a lot about oneself by carefully examining our own thoughts and feelings • Definition? • Method of learning that involves looking within yourself • TPS Activity • Think about one positive action and one negative action you have done in the past week……. Be honest but nothing that will get you in trouble • Use introspection and examine your motives/feelings when you did those actions…. Then look at the outcomes again and how they could’ve changed • Pair/Share with a partner

11. Move into Modern Psychology • Psychology moved from philosophical thought into modern science • 1st evidence of move: 1879 Wilhelm Wundt est. 1st psychology laboratory

12. Bell Work • Task #5: Answer these questions below • TPS; Ready to share answers 5-7 min’s in!! • Statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are • Theory • Where psychologists test their ideas? 2 types • Research; experiments and surveys • What is introspection? • Process of learning by examining our own thoughts/feelings • Who/when established the 1st psych. Lab? • Wilhelm Wundt, 1879

13. Major Early Players in Modern Psych • Wilhelm Wundt: Structuralism • Founder of 1st psych. Lab; and Struct. Field of psych. • Structuralism: concerned w/discovering basic elements of conscious experience. Broken down into 2 categories • Objective Sensations: sight, taste, sound, touch assumed to accurately reflect outside world • Subjective Sensations: Included emotional responses and mental images

14. Structuralism: Mind combines 2 categ.’s to function Example: Apple Objectively you can experience the apple by observing its shape, color, texture, and taste Subjectively you can experience the apple by remembering how good it feels to bit into it!! Example: Lucy pulling fball from charlie brown Objectively: Feel pain, blood in mouth Subjectively: Remember pain, blood in mouth from last time!

15. Quick Tie-in activity • Think of two things or actions that you could apply the Structuralism approach to • TPS w/table partner • Share w/ class

16. William James: Functionalism • William James • One of founders of functionalist school of thought and writer of one of 1st psych. Textbooks • Functionalists: Concerned w/how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment. • What are the purposes (functions) of behavior and mental processes? • What do certain behavior/mental processes accomplish for this person? • Proposed that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained b/c they are successful • Successful adaptive actions are repeated and eventually become habit….. Driving, opening a door, unlocking a door, etc.

17. Lesson Anchor: Look at comic on pg.14 • Task #7: Calvin Comic on Page 14 • Analyze as to how a structuralist might view the experience • Calvin’s Subjective, or personal, feelings that the bike is dangerous are overwhelming his objective sensations, which should indicate that the bike can’t go anywhere unless he, himself, makes it go. • Analyze as to how a functionalist might view the experience • If Calvin’s father continues to force Calvin to get on the bike before he is ready, Calvin may stop trying. Or, if Calving experiences successes on the bike, he will propably repeat his attempts, and gradually riding the bike will become easy and like a habit.

18. Bell Work • Grab texts and journals • Create chart on 1st two schools talked about Thurs. • Basically fill in 1st two sections • One volunteer to leave the room to introduce behaviorism

19. Early schools of thought (Sect. 3) • John B. Watson: Behaviorism • Argued against thinking of the time • Believed psychology should be limited to the study of observable/measurable events (behaviors) • B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism • Added to the behaviorist idea by introducing reinforcement • When an animal is reinforced (rewarded) for an action, it is more likely to repeat that action • Believed humans learn in much the same way • Examples: Circus animals, rats in a maze, your own pets!

20. Early schools of thought (Sect. 3) • Read the section on pgs. 16-17 answer fig. 1.2 • Gestalt School: Wolfgang Kohler • Means “shape” or “form” in German • Idea that perceptions are more than the sum of their parts • Learning, esp. problem solving, is done by insight not mechanical repetition (behaviorism) • Insight is the re-organization of perceptions that enable an individual to solve a problem

21. Early schools of thought (Sect. 3) • Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (read section) • Freud is most famous of early psychologists • Psychoanalysis: emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining/predicting human behavior • People are driven by impulses and that verbal slips (Freudian slips) and dreams represent our unconscious wishes • Believed most of mind is unconscious (unaware) and consists of our impulses, urges, and desires, esp. sexual and aggressive • People’s behavior is directed @ satisfying those impulses

22. Lesson Closing • Task #8: Two Things • 1. answer the thinking about psychology on pg.17 • 2. Think of all the times today in which you have been reinforced in a positive way. Write down 5 and then evaluate each one as to whether it was effective just then or a majority of the time!

23. Bell Work • Grab books, folders, and have notes ready!! • Fill in early perspective in chart!! • Just put in Gestalt in Chart!!!!!!!!

24. 6 contemporary Perspectives • Theoretical Perspective (not a school of thought) • General set of assumptions over the nature of something. In psych. Each of the 6 persp.’s have a different assumption about the nature of behavior and mental process • Biological Perspective • Emph.’s influence of biology on our behavior. Interested in influence of our brain/nervous system on behavior

25. 6 contemporary Perspectives • Cognitive Perspective • Emphasizes the role played by thoughts in determining behavior. • Investigate the ways in which people perceive information and make mental images of the world, solve problems, and dream • Humanistic Perspective • Stressed the human capacity for self-fulfillment and the of consciousness, self-awareness, and capacity to make choices • Believe people to be free to choose own behavior

26. 6 contemporary Perspectives • Psychoanalytic Perspective • Stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior (sex/aggression drives) • Learning Perspective • Emph.’s the effects of experience on behavior. • Idea that personal experience/reinforcement guide behaviors • Socio-Cultural • Factors like ethnicity, gender, culture and economic status all impact human behavior and mental processes

27. Task #8 • Billy Assignment • With your 12 o’clock partners Read Billy Handout and apply assigned approach to his case • After 10 minutes everyone will present their findings and each group needs to have a bit of info for each of the 5 perspectives

28. Lesson Closing • Watch Review Movie

29. Bell Work • Get Books, folders • Ch. 1 Quiz Friday along with movie • Put the perspectives into your chart!!

30. Chapter Closing: Task #9 • Summarize Points 1 -4 on page 22 • Write down a couple things under each point that gives you the best ability to understand it

31. Lesson Closing • Task #10 • Complete all of Term/Concept review as well as Critical thinking on page 23 • Go Over Tomorrow along with working on projects!! • This will be hard-copy time where you need to be getting the basic information you will be presenting out of the text and on paper ready to transfer into ppt.