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Measurements of FLY with MACFLY

Measurements of FLY with MACFLY. M easurement of A ir C erenkov and F luorescence L ight Y ield. LAPP (France): Pierre COLIN, Patrick NEDELEC ; LIP (Portugal): Antonio ONOFRE; JINR (Russia): Leonid TKATCHEV, Artem CHUKANOV, Basar SABIROV,

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Measurements of FLY with MACFLY

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  1. Measurements of FLY with MACFLY P. Nedelec - 4th Air Fluorescence Workshop

  2. Measurement of Air Cerenkov and Fluorescence Light Yield LAPP (France):Pierre COLIN, Patrick NEDELEC; LIP (Portugal): Antonio ONOFRE; JINR (Russia): Leonid TKATCHEV, Artem CHUKANOV, Basar SABIROV, Yuri NEFEDOV, Sergei POROKHOVOI, Dmitry NAUMOV. http://wwwlapp.in2p3.fr/MACFLY/ Collaboration:

  3. Pressure Humidity Temperature 100 hPa - 60°C 0 % 15 km EAS Altitude (km) 800 hPa 10°C 1 % 2 km Original Goals Reproduce and study in laboratory the light emitted by an “extensive air shower” (EAS) To Measure Air FLY variations as a function of atmospheric conditions:

  4. Gas system MACFLY project = 2 devices N2 Air Vacuum pump Gauge : P,T,H2O Ar H2O O3 shower • Beam: • β Source • CERN • JINR Preshower PMT MACFLY 2 (for shower) MACFLY 1 (for beam)

  5. MF1: a reference device • Single track events device • Light, compact, movable (plane?),… • Used both • @ Lab (quiet) • on Test Beam (noisy) • Measure: • Air/N2FLY • Cherenkov contribution • Used for comparison with • Other experiments • MF2

  6. Macfly 1 @ Laboratory Input/ouput of gas Pompe à vide Vacuum pump PMT Optic fibres Radioactive source Sr90 Trigger PMT PMT1 90Sr β Source Pressure sensor Scintillator Main tank Temperature sensor PM Trigger Electrons beam PMT2

  7. Filters Transmittance (Schott BG3 and GG385) MF1 cut view Filter 5 cm EMI 9820QA Macfly 1 optical system PMT EMI 9820QA Quartz Window EMI 9820QA EMI 9820QA Filters Quartz Lens Light Guide Electron beam Mirror : ~98% (multi-layers) 15 cm

  8. MF2: looking for real showers • A “From single track to showers” device • Heavy, Big, Fix ,… • Used: • Only on Test Beam Line • Measure: • Air/N2 FLY induced by a e- shower (10-50 GeV) • From 0 to Xmax radiation length • Used to: • Perform original measurements • for comparison with Monte Carlo prg (G4,…)

  9. Macfly 2 (MF2) 146 cm Sensors (P,T) PMT Ø96 cm CERN Beam Cooper target (Preshower) Input/Output of gas system Volume : ~1m3

  10. MF2 working process PMT EMI 9820QA Quartz Window Light guide EMI Black surface Filters Preshower Electron beam Preshower system: Electromagnetic Shower Ø10 cm Lead shield EMI Stack of copper disks (Thickness :1cm)

  11. Too noisy! Then a Fire !!! Measurement campaigns > In Lab : (MF1) • Radioactive source (1.5 MeV electron) • Pressure dependence  > At CERN : (MF1+MF2) • SPS test Beam (5-100 GeV e-, μ-, π-) • Pressure dependence: ; Temp., H2O:  • Shower age dependence (MF2) > At JINR ? : (MF1) • Microtron(12 MeV) and Phasotron (170 MeV) • Pressure and temperature dependencies

  12. MF1 Delay chamber Trigger Trigger MF2 Thermal Box MACFLY set up overview at CERN Pumping system Macfly 2 MF1 in its thermal box Delay chamber Small Trigger Large Trigger

  13. Macfly Data Event by event acquisition ~106 triggers/run (1/2 data+1/2 Bgd) PMT signal read by a QADC (Gate=100ns) Very Low signal: mean=0.01photoelectron Expected FLY ~ 4 ph/m

  14. MF1 Delay chamber Trigger Trigger MF2 Thermal Box Macfly Data selection Centered events

  15. MacFly: Fluo. Signal extraction Cherenkov Detected Light (Geant4 simulation) Background(Vacuum measurement) PMT Detected Light (fit method) DL = FLYxεMF + CDL + Bgd Detector efficiency(Calibration) Fluorescence Light Yield (in photons) FLY/E = FLY / Edep Deposed Energy (Geant4 Simulation)

  16. Pedestal : (~99% of events) Single photoelectron (~1% of event) Macfly Data DL = FLY xεMF + CDL + Bgd Detected Light: PMT spectrum fit Method 2 photoelectrons

  17. MacFly: Geant4 Simulation DL = FLY xεMF+ CDL + Bgd Geometrical Acceptance (Optical Properties of surfaces were previously measured) εMF = Accgeo x QEPMT

  18. Lenses Cerenkov catcher e- MacFly: Geant4 Simulation DL = FLY xεMF +CDL+ Bgd Cherenkov Light: compare simulation with data Cherenkov light in MF1

  19. MacFly: data DL = FLY xεMF + CDL +Bgd • Well measured events • Random triggers (@lab) • Off-spill triggers (@beam) • Vacuum On-spill triggers (@beam) Background:

  20. Pre-Shower MacFly: Geant4 Simulation FLY/E = FLY /Edep Deposed Energy: Deposed Energy in MF2 7 disc 10 disc 5 disc 3 disc 1 disc 0 disc Radiation length (#X0)

  21. Detected Light Composition MF1 :50 GeV e- in air MF1 :50 GeV e- in N2 DL (Macfly data) CDL (Simulation) Bgd (Measurement) FDL MF2 :50GeV Shower in air MF1 :1.5 MeV e- in air Fluorescence detected light

  22. Systematic errors of MF1

  23. MF1 result: Pressure dependence We create a model of air FLY proportional to deposed energy which fit all Macfly data. (Dry air and pure Nitrogen)

  24. MF1 result: Energy dependence dEdX: Berger-Seltzer formula All experiments are coherent Reference point :Dry air at 1atm. & 23ºC: FLY/E = 18 ph/MeV

  25. Absolute measurement Error< 10% ? dEdX: Berger-Seltzer formula All experiments are coherent Reference point :Dry air at 1atm. & 23ºC: FLY/E = 18 ph/MeV

  26. MF2 result: Shower age dependence 500 hPa data PDG model of shower development 100 hPa data Air FLY follows the shower development !

  27. MF2:Air FLY  deposed Energy FLY/Edep and pressure variations independent of the excitation source

  28. Back to the future: • PMT calibration • Temperature dependence • Papers in preparation Systematic down to:~10% Conclusion Measurementsdone: P. Colin thesis • Dry air and pure Nitrogen fluorescence • 1.5 MeV, 20 GeV and 50 GeV incident electron • Lab. measurement of air Shower FLY • Pressure and Shower agedependencies Fluorescence model: • Air FLY  Edep • Fitted on Macfly data • Compatible with previous exp. (<10%)

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