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Nutritive Value of Feeds

Nutritive Value of Feeds. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University. Producers Need a Working Knowledge of the Nutrient Composition of Available Feeds. Nutrient Categories:. Water Carbohydrates Protein Lipids (fats & oils) Minerals Vitamins.

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Nutritive Value of Feeds

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  1. Nutritive Value of Feeds Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University

  2. Producers Need a Working Knowledge of the Nutrient Composition of Available Feeds.

  3. Nutrient Categories: • Water • Carbohydrates • Protein • Lipids (fats & oils) • Minerals • Vitamins

  4. Chemical Composition of Yearling Steers Carstens et al., 1991

  5. Determining Nutritive Value of Feeds • Chemical composition • Digestibility of each chemical component Must know:

  6. Determining Nutritive Value • Scientists and commercial laboratories have developed reliable methods to determine both chemical composition and digestibility from a sample • Methods to determine nutritive value • Rely on “book” or tabular values • Have an individual sample analyzed by a commercial laboratory

  7. Value of Feed Composition Tables • Provide basic guidelines of nutrient composition for ration formulation. • Limited by use of “average” values. • Feedstuffs generally vary widely in nutrient composition.

  8. Variation in Protein Concentration of Coastal Bermudagrass Hay A nutrient analysis takes the guess work out!

  9. Table 12.1

  10. Feed Water Ash Carbohydrate Protein Fat Proximate Analysis

  11. Dry Matter • That portion of the feed that is not water • Incorporates all the essential nutrients except water • No specific “requirement” for dry matter • Dry matter intake controlled by many factors

  12. Feed Water Ash Carbohydrate Protein Fat NDS NDF Fiber Starches, sugars etc., Near 100% digestible Fiber, extremely variable in digestibility

  13. NDS NDF Fiber: The Detergent Fiber System Carbohydrate Hemicellulose ADF Lignin Cellulose

  14. Effective Fiber: What is It?

  15. Fiber Digestibility Effects • Effective neutral detergent fiber (eNDF) stimulates chewing, salivation, rumen motility, and therefore gut health. • Highly related to rumen pH

  16. Effective NDFand Rumen pH R2= .52 pH eNDF, % of DM Pitt et al., 1996

  17. Application of eNDF • If pH less than 6.2, fiber digestion declines Pitt et al., 1996 • Forage digestibility near 0 with low pH (cellulolytic bacteria) • Corresponds to 20% eNDF in diet dry matter

  18. eNDF in Common Feeds Sniffen, Preston and NRC, 1996

  19. Protein • Crude protein (CP) is the amount of nitrogen times 6.25. • Degradable intake protein (DIP) is expressed as a percentage of CP. • Undegradable intake protein (UIP) or bypass protein is calculated by subtracting the DIP value from 1.0

  20. Energy • Table values expressed both as total digestible nutrients, and net energy for maintenance and gain • TDN is the most common value used in cow/calf and stocker applications because it is easy to use and understand. • The NE system is more accurate in estimating energy value of roughages and is more accurate when predicting animal performance.

  21. Either Extract • Fats or lipids • Contributes to energy value of feed • To calculate energy value of EE component: Digestible EE x 2.25

  22. Minerals • Macro minerals needed in large quantities and expressed in percent of dry matter (Na,Cl, Ca,P,K,S,Mg). • Micro minerals needed in smaller quantities and expressed in terms of parts per million (Cu,Mn,Zn,Se,Co,I,Fe).

  23. Summary • Cattle’s nutrient needs can be divided into 6 chemical components • Tabular values provide guidelines to determine nutrient composition of feedstuffs for ration formulation • Commercial laboratories can provide accurate estimates of a producers own feed resources • In particular, producers are encouraged to test their own forages and feed commodities

  24. Questions?

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