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Ontologiat

Discover the essence of ontology - the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being. Explore its rich history from ancient philosophers to modern applications in information technology. Learn about key concepts, languages, and current trends in the field.

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Ontologiat

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  1. Ontologiat Kpk310ontIV/2005 Lauri Carlson

  2. Määritelmä (1) • Short Answer: • "The branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being." The American Heritage Dictionary (4th ed.) • In short, ontology is the centuries-old branch of philosophy that has as its subject the unchanging features of the universe. • Aristoteles: Metafysiikka • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

  3. Määritelmä (2) • Slightly Longer Answer: • Barry Smith provides the following definition: Ontology is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. For an information system, an ontology is a representation of some pre-existing domain of reality which: (1) reflects the properties of the objects within its domain in such a way that there obtains a systematic correlation between reality and the representation itself(2) is intelligible to a domain expert (3) is formalized in a way that allows it to support automatic information processing • http://ontologyworks.com/what_is_ontology.php

  4. Määritelmä (3) • Short answer : • An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization. (Gruber) • That is, an ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html

  5. Määritelmä (4) • Ontologies are a way of specifying the structure of domain knowledge in a formal logic designed for machine processing. (Michael Denny) • The effect on information technology (IT) is to shift the burden of capturing the meaning of data content from the procedural operations of algorithms and rules to the representation of the data itself. • http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2004/07/14/onto.html

  6. Historiaa • vähän etähistoriasta: • Platon (määritelmät) • Aristoteles (kategoriat) • Porfyrios (puu) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)

  7. Historia (2) • enemmän lähihistoriasta • Gruber http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html • Sowa http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/ • Denny http://www.xml.com/pub/au/160

  8. Historia (3) • miksi ontologia nyt: • AI + Web = Semantic Web Google: noin 12 500 000 osumaa haulle ontology. Kritiikkiä: http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html

  9. Ontologioita • Michael Dennyn luettelo • 2002 • http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/11/06/ontologies.html • http://www.xml.com/2002/11/06/Ontology_Editor_Survey.html • 2004 • http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2004/07/14/onto.html • http://www.xml.com/2004/07/14/examples/Ontology_Editor_Survey_2004_Table_-_Michael_Denny.pdf

  10. Ontologioita (2) • OntoWeb http://www.ontoweb.org/ • TopicMaps http://topicmaps.it.bond.edu.au/mda/internet/semantic-web/ontology • Formal ontology • http://www.formalontology.it/ • http://www.loa-cnr.it/Papers/FOIS98.pdf

  11. Ontologioita (3) • WordNet http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ • Mikrokosmos • Pangloss http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/resources/sensus.html • http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node1.html • John Bateman’s ontology portal • http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/anglistik/langpro/webspace/jb/info-pages/ontology/ontology-root.htm

  12. Ontologiakieliä • RDF http://www.w3.org/RDF/ • Deskriptiologiikka http://dl.kr.org/ • http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Slides/dagstuhlS070202.pdf • DAML/OIL http://www.daml.org/ • http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/ • OWL http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/

  13. Ontologiakieliä (2) • ISO EXPRESS 10303 (STEP) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10303-11 • FOL (Simple Common Logic) • http://www.w3.org/2004/12/rules-ws/paper/103/ • Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) • http://www.daml.org/2004/11/fol/

  14. Protege • Testiontologioita

  15. Plugins • Visualisointi (Jambalaya, IsaViz ym) • Ohjelmointi (Jena ym) • UML http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/uml.htm

  16. Rajapintoja Ohjelmointi (Jena ym)

  17. Sovelluksia • 4M • http://4m.cs.hut.fi/ • FinnOnto • http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/

  18. Harjoitustyö

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