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Lesson 2: The Molar Relationships

Lesson 2: The Molar Relationships. Unit 8 – Moles and Stoichiometry. Molar Relationships. We can convert between moles, N A , molar mass and volume using molar relationships and dimensional analysis . Relationships: grams and moles grams and representative particles

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Lesson 2: The Molar Relationships

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  1. Lesson 2:The Molar Relationships Unit 8 – Moles and Stoichiometry

  2. Molar Relationships • We can convert between moles, NA, molar mass and volume using molar relationships and dimensional analysis. • Relationships: grams and moles grams and representative particles moles and representative particles moles and liters

  3. Molar ConversionsGrams and Moles molar mass Mass in Grams Moles (g/mol)

  4. Converting Moles to Grams How many grams of lithium are in 3.50 moles of lithium? 3.50 mol Li 1 6.94 g Li = g Li 24.29 1 mol Li

  5. Converting grams to moles How many moles of lithium are in 18.2 grams of lithium? 18.2 g Li 1 1 mol Li = mol Li 2.62 6.94 g Li

  6. Converting Moles to Mass in a Compound • How many grams of calcium chloride are in 0.98moles of calcium chloride? .98mole CaCl2 110.98g CaCl2 1mole CaCl2 = 108.76 g CaCl2 1

  7. MASS IN GRAMS MOLES NUMBER OF PARTICLES Molar RelationshipGrams and Representative Particles molar mass 6.02  1023 (g/mol) (particles/mol)

  8. Molecules to Grams • Find the mass of 2.1  1024 molecules of NaHCO3. 1 mol NaHCO3. 6.02  1023 molecules 2.1  1024 Molecules 1 84.01 g 1 mol = 293.06 g NaHCO3 2.9x102

  9. Grams to Molecules • Find the number of molecules in 5 grams of MgSO4. 1 mol MgSO4 120.37g 5 grams MgSO4 1 6.02  1023 molecules 1 mol = 2.50  1022 molecules MgSO4

  10. Molar Volume of Gases Avogadro’s Law • equal volumes of gases at the same Temperature and Pressure contain equal numbers of molecules • at same T and P, volumes varies directly with number of moles (n)

  11. Molar Volume of Gases • like molar mass • mass of one mole of substance • but with volume • volume of one mole of substance • because of Avogadro’s law, one mole of any gas has the same volume as any other gas at the same T and P

  12. Molar Volume of Gases • Standard Temperature and Pressure • STP • 1 atm and 0°C • Standard Molar Volume of Gas • volume of one mole of gas at 1 atm and 0°C is 22.4L • 22.4 L of any gas has one mole of particles but has different masses

  13. Molar Volume of Gases

  14. Moles to Volume • A chemical reaction produces 0.0680 mol of oxygen gas. What volume in liters is occupied by this gas sample at STP? • 1 mol : 22.4 L

  15. Volume to Moles • A chemical reaction produced 98.0 mL of sulfur dioxide gas at STP. What was the mass of gas made?

  16. Molar Volume Problems • How many liters of Oxygen gas are in 5.0 moles Oxygen at STP? 5.0 mol 1 22.4L = 112.00L 1 mol

  17. Converting Between Mass, Amount, and Number of Particles

  18. Converting Grams to Moles • How many moles of carbon are in 26 g of carbon? 26 g C 1 1 mol C 12.01 g C = 2.2 mol C

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