Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development: How to Harmonize Efforts to Face to the Challenges

1. Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development:How to Harmonize Efforts to Face to the Challenges Craig Welling Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary Office of Nuclear Energy U.S. Department of Energy

2. Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development Challenges Include: • Human Resource Development – The number one challenge • Building Training and Education capabilities • Recruiting the workforce • Training and Education of the workforce • Establishing the Regulatory Framework • Addressing Funding and Financing • Garnering Stakeholder support • Electrical Grid – Need for Small and Medium Sized Reactors • Fuel Assurance • Sharing of Information • Assessing readiness • Addressing Radioactive Waste

3. Support for Infrastructure Development includes U.S. Support • Department of State - support to IAEA • Nuclear Regulatory Commission • National Nuclear Security Administration – International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program • U.S. Export Import Bank • Support to Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

4. Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) Concepts include: • Support expanding nuclear power to help meet growing energy demand in a safe and sustainable manner. • Facilitate the development of the infrastructure needed for the expansion of nuclear energy in a safe, secure and peaceful manner • Establish internationalsupply frameworks to enhance reliable, cost-effective fuel supplies to the world market while reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation by creating a viable alternative to acquisition of sensitive fuel cycle technologies. • Promote the development of advanced, more proliferation resistant nuclear power reactors appropriate for the power grids of developing countries and regions. • In cooperation with the IAEA, continue to develop enhanced nuclear safeguards and ensure nuclear energy systems are used only for peaceful purposes.

5. Global Partnership Structure PARTNERS AND OBSERVERS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Ministerial Level Officials or Designees PARTNERS AND OBSERVERS STEERING GROUP Infrastructure Development Working Group Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services Working Group Additional Working Groups established as determined needed by the Partnership See GNEP International Partnership Website for additional detail: http://www.gneppartnership.org/

6. GNEP Partners and Observers GNEP Partners Armenia Australia Bulgaria Canada China Estonia France Ghana Hungary Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Republic of Korea Lithuania Morocco Oman Poland Romania Russia Senegal Slovenia Ukraine United Kingdom United States • GNEP Observers 1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2. Generation IV International Forum (GIF) 3. Euratom • Candidate Partner and Observer Countries 1. Algeria 24. Tanzania 2. Argentina 25. Tunisia 3. Bahrain * 26. Turkey 4. Bangladesh 27. United Arab • Belgium Emirates • Brazil 28. Vietnam • Czech Republic • Egypt • Finland • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Kuwait • Latvia • Malaysia • Mexico • Netherlands • Nigeria • Slovakia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Invited as an observer until a comprehensive • safeguards agreement is brought into force.

7. Recent GNEP Developments • Approximately 45 countries attended Executive Committee Ministerial Meeting on October 1, 2008, in Paris, France • Four new countries joined GNEP – Armenia, Estonia, Morocco, Oman – bringing the total number of Partners to 25 • Issued a Joint Statement on accomplishments of past year and the importance of nuclear energy in combating climate change • Agreed that Radioactive Waste Management will be an additional area of focus • Approved an external interactions document– industry, academia and other entities will be engaged as a part of activities as appropriate • GNEP partnership website: www.gneppartnership.org

8. Infrastructure Development Working Group Terms of Reference • Objective: Help meet growing energy demand in a sustainable manner by facilitating the development of the infrastructure needed for the expansion of clean, sustainable, nuclear energy worldwide. • Scope • Address the critical elements needed for the development and implementation of a robust nuclear energy infrastructure to meet the Infrastructure Development Working Group (IDWG) objective. • identify common interests among the partners • recommend practical measures • carry out activities without prejudice to market and commercial operations • While building on and complementing strong base of IAEA and bilateral efforts.  Three meetings held: March, July and December 2008; areas where GNEP could complement existing efforts were identified; Program Plan activities developed and implemented

9. Infrastructure Development Working Group Concepts Include • Support implementation by identifying how to establish or enhance infrastructure through: • Sharing resources • Exchanging experience and lessons learned • Establishing bilateral and multilateral long-term relationships • Look broadly at the set of existing resources, information and events that address issues in the Milestones document and assist by: • Facilitating identification and access • Building on the IAEA programs and expertise • Avoiding duplication of effort • Identifying and addressing priority gaps • Provide additional focus and resources for urgent challenges affecting all GNEP partners. • Human resource development was identified by all countries as a challenge

10. 2008 Infrastructure Development WG Activities • Resource Library. • Established a web-based integrated source of references, programs, tools, and pooled GNEP Partners’ resources. • Human Resource Development. Primary need identified by partners. • Developed and shared compilation of Partners‘ lessons learned in human resource development • Resource and Gaps Workshop in December – information exchange on approaches to human resource development in priority areas • Support to partners for implementation of nuclear energy • Conducting feasibility and readiness assessments • Provided insights into lessons learned through these efforts • Next-steps include honing a process for providing multilateral expert level assistance • Small and medium reactors • Radioactive waste management • Partners agreed on including this as a new Program Plan activity • Future efforts will identify gaps/where GNEP activities could augment existing efforts • Establish linkages with international organizations • Developed list of specialist organizations with important capabilities and resources for infrastructure development • Next-steps will include engaging these organizations with Working Group activities, as appropriate

11. Small and Medium Sized Reactors • Small and medium sized reactors can help enable the use of nuclear power for countries with limited resources and electric power grids. • Countries developing nuclear energy need a certified plant design. Most have little or no design certification capability of their own • Workshop focusing on following key areas of interest will include: • Status of small and medium reactor development efforts • Status of certification of small and medium reactor designs • Addressing needs of countries considering small or medium sized reactors. • Differences in infrastructure needs for small and medium sized reactors relative to IAEA Milestone Issues • Understanding balance between project risk and benefits of new designs and technologies. • Continue to identifiy identify and addresss challenges associated with the path forward for small and medium sized reactors 11

12. Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services Working Group Objective and Scope • Objective: • Establish international supply frameworks • Create a viable alternative to acquisition of sensitive fuel cycle technologies. • Reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation • Scope: • Identify common interests among the partners • Recommend practical measures for moving towards reliable comprehensive fuel service arrangements, including spent fuel management • Addresses barriers and key issues where GNEP is well positioned to address, while also seeking to complement and reinforce other mechanisms/frameworks • E.G., six-nation proposal for a reliable fuel supply initiative at the IAEA; Russia’s IUEC Angarsk Initiative, NTI-proposal; U.S.-declared nuclear fuel reserve.

13. Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services Working Group 2008 Activities • Issued a survey on fuel services • To determine countries’ legal and regulatory frameworks and views on reliable fuel services • Survey results used to determine themes for future work • Developed a systematic comprehensive approach to assess issues and constraints, first with discussion on front-end; followed by back-end • Compiled lessons learned and perspectives for resource requirements • Identified priority areas for the future • Mechanisms needed to increase the diversity of fuel supply • Creating assurances for a secure nuclear fuel supply

14. Next Steps – GNEP International Partnership • Continue to coordinate GNEP efforts with the IAEA and others. • Continue Human Resource Development and Resource Information Sharing Efforts • Develop activities in Radioactive Waste Management and Small and Medium Reactors • Identify and address the major barriers to further enhancement of global nuclear fuel services, including the back-end • Encouage World Bank to examine financing options • Build partnerships with industry and other entities, where appropriate • Continue to inform the public, stakeholders and the international community about GNEP and its objectives