IMPERIALISM EUROPE GONE WILD!

1. IMPERIALISMEUROPE GONE WILD!

2. Introduction • What is imperialism? • Using complete sentences, write down what you think imperialism means. • What were the causes/forces behind imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries? • Using complete sentences, describe 2-3 reasons for global imperialism.

3. I. Land Empires in Asia • Until 1800s, Europe had not sought settled empires in Asia • Profits through (forced) cooperation (Trading Companies) • Contact between home countries and trading companies was sparse • Had political and military structures that were rather independent • Example: British rule in India • Mughal Empire declined – left India dividedinto several competing princely states • Indian princes relied on British/French forces in conflicts with each other • The only eventual winner: British (7 Years War) • British Raj – local, British-controlled gov’t • Created three presidencies, overseen by British agents

4. I. Continued… • India became major outlet for manufactured goods, and source of raw materials for England – became dependent on one another • Industrialization demanded both raw materials and an outlet to sell goods – the colonies became that outlet • Europeans adapt, then reform • Colonists originally adapted to local customs for survival • Lived away from water sources, wore loose-fitting cotton clothing, work habits imitated local customs • Began to change in 19th century • European customs/traditions began to replace local customs/traditions • Example: practice of sati outlawed

5. I. continued… • Europeans adapt, then reform (continued…) • Western-style education became sought after • Wealthier locals sent children to Europe to attend university • Implementation of Western ideas and inventions • Political structure, railroad, telegraph, agricultural practices • Rapid westernization created divides in colonies • Upper-class locals and Europeans vs. poor locals CHALLENGEQUESTION!

6. EXIT TICKET Answer using complete sentences: • How did the British gain control of India? • How is industrialization connected to imperialism/colonization? • Describe how Europeans began to change local culture in the colonies.

7. II. Partitioning of the World • 1800s, early 1900s – Belgium, France, Germany, Britain all competed for dominance in new industrial world • Colonies were key to competition – access to resources, outlets for commercial activities • Nationalism spurred on colonization • Better communications/transportations/weapons technologies allowed access to more areas • Scramble for Africa – Europe agreed to partition Africa for its resources (Berlin Conference, 1884-85) • Resistance to colonization • Differed from colonies of North & South America • Europeans faced fierce resistance in many parts of Africa, Asia, south Pacific • Locals more resistant to European diseases, Europeans susceptible to local diseases (Ex: malaria in Africa) • British face off with Zulus – battle at Isandhlwana (1879) • Vietnamese rebels organized guerilla bands against French CHALLENGEQUESTION! GUNS, GERMS, & STEEL

8. III. Patterns of Dominance • Two types of colonies by end of 19th century • Dependent colonies(“tropical dependencies”) • Africa, Asia, south Pacific • Small number of Europeans ruled large number of indigenous people • Settlement colonies • North & South America, Australia • White Dominions • Europeans and descendants made up majority of population • Native population decimated by disease/conflict • European settlers combined with large number of indigenous peoples • Ex: New Zealand, many parts of Africa

9. III. Continued… • Europeans ruled through subordinates, usually members of preexisting ruling groups • Europeans used existing rivalries and tensions to maintain control and put down resistance to colonial rule (“…divided we fall.”) • India: Muslim vs. Hindus • Africa: animistic religions/converted Christians vs. Muslims • Strengthened existing tensions by dividing people into “tribes” • By 19th century, relationships with colonized people had begun to change drastically • Became based on racial superiority (white racial supremacybegan to peak) • Europeans became increasingly isolated from locals • Marriage with indigenous peoples became illegal in many colonies (especially Africa)

10. III. Continued… • Economic changes • Introduced European techniques/practices in an attempt to get more raw materials from colonies • Cash/consumer goods introduced as incentives (can’t be eaten) • Colonized people began to be forced to produce more marketable goods • Ex: Indigo – used as a dye (can’t be eaten) • Economies of Africa, India, southeast Asia reorganized to serve needs of Europe • Export crops replaced food crops in many areas

11. EXIT TICKET Answer the following questions using complete sentences: • What was the “Scramble for Africa”? What was an impact of this? • How does the saying “divided we fall” relate to European imperialism/colonization? • Describe one economic change related to European imperialism/colonization.

12. CHALLENGE QUESTION! • Read the two accounts on pg. 555 in your text. Answer the following questions, using complete sentences: • In the first account, what does the author argue about the role of Europeans as colonizers? • In the second, how does the author contradict the first account? BACK

13. CHALLENGE QUESTION! • Read the article “The Violent Legacy of Africa’s Arbitrary Borders” and answer the following, using complete sentences: • What are the long-term effects associated with European imperialism that are still relevant in Africa today? • What possible positive aspects could be associated with colonization/imperialism? Are there any? Explain. BACK