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Speech acts and events. Susan Ade Fitri Tika Kartika Alfiah Sitia Rahma. SPEECH ACT and EVENTS. SPEECH ACTS L ocutionary act: The basic act of uttering a meaningful linguistic form . My tired body. Sandy play guitar . I llocutionary ac t : The communicative force of an utterance.
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Speech acts and events Susan Ade FitriTika KartikaAlfiah Sitia Rahma
SPEECH ACT and EVENTS SPEECH ACTS • Locutionary act: The basic act of uttering a meaningful linguistic form. • My tired body. • Sandy play guitar. • Illocutionaryact: The communicative force of an utterance. • Hot air • Suseno was sick
Perlocutionary act: The effect of an utterance used to perform a speech act. • There is a ghost! • Just brush! • He survived, ma'am.
IFIDS • An IFID (Illocutionary Force Indicating Device): Indication in the speaker’s utterance of the communicative force of that utterance. • -such verbs are called performativeverbs (Vp): Promise and Warn • I promise/warn you that ... • -they are not always made this explicit in conversation (in [7] page 50).
- most of the time there is no performative verb mentioned. • Other IFIDs beside performative verbs: word order, stress, intonation, voice quality (lowered for warnings/threats). • You're going! [I tell you X] • You're going? [I request confirmation about X] • Are you going? [I ask you if X]
FELICITY CONDITIONS • Felicity conditions: The appropiate conditions for a speech act to be recognized as intended. • I sentence you to six months in prison
The performative hypothesis • A proposal that, underlying every utterance, there is a clause with a verb that identifies the speech act.
SPEECH ACT CLASSIFICATION • Declarations: A speech act that brings about a change by being uttered. • Representatives : speech acts that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not. • The earth is flate • Chomskey didnt`t write about peanuts • It was a warm sunny day
expressives: -speech acts that state what the speaker feels . • I`m really sorry! • Congratulation! • Oh, yes, great,mmmm,ssahh! • directives: -speech acts that speakers use to get someone else to do something. • Gimme a cup of coffe. Make it black • Could you lend me a pan, please? • Don`t touch that.
commissives: -speech acts that speaker use to commit themselves to some future action. • I`ll be back • I`m going to get it right next time • We will not do that.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS • Direct Speech Act: Speech act where a direct relationship exists between the structure and communicative function of an utterance. Using an interrogative form. • Indirect Speech act: Speech act where an indirect relationship exists between the structure and communicative function of an utterance.
SPEECH EVENTS • A set of circumtances in which people interact in some conventional way to arrive at some conventional way to arrive at some outcome. • 1. Preparatory Condition is that the speaker assumes the hearer is able to, or CAN, Perform the action. • 2. Content Condition is concerns future action, that the hearer WILL perform the action.
A.Content Future act of hearer (=hearer `WILL YOU DO X?` Condition WILL do X ) • B. Prepratory Hearer is able to `CAN you do X ?` Condition perform act (= hearer CAN do X )
