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Explore the growth of U.S. imperialism in the late 1800s, driven by economic, nationalistic, military, and humanitarian reasons. Learn about annexations, conflicts, and the role of newspapers in the Spanish-American War.
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By the late 1800’s • Industrialists, inventors and workers of the U.S. had built a powerful industrial economy. • But the overproduction of food and goods led to financial panic and depression. • So, what are we to do?
Growth of U.S. Imperialism • What is imperialism? • It is creating empires by dominating weaker nations or colonies. • And yes we were doing it. • We want to go from …
Reasons for the growth of U.S. imperialism • Economic- We need more natural resources and markets to sell our goods in. • Nationalism- devotion to ones nation. Lets make our country greater. • Military- we need military bases around the world to make us stronger. • Humanitarian- spread the news of democracy and religion.
So what are we doing? • We try to annex or addforeign lands. • This means that we want to join a new territory to an existing country, in our case the USA.
Let’s take a look at other countries who are building empires. Great Britain has the largest empire.
We are expanding • 1867 • Alaska • Bought from Russia • Most people felt it was a waste of money. • But it is very rich in natural resources.
Where else? • Midway Islands- we need refueling stations for our navy. • And Hawaii
We are flexing our muscles • We want to prove that we are a strong country. • Unafraid of other countries.
Economic growth or ‘SHOW ME THE MONEY” • Our industries are producing so much stuff that we cannot consume everything that we are making. • We must go outside our borders and sell, sell, sell.
Social Darwinism • Expanding is our nations destiny and a noble pursuit.- Henry Cabot Lodge • A strong country should spread its wings.
Or is it like this? • Are we like a turkey gobbling up natural resources and other peoples money? • We just care that it is good for us as a nation. • We do not care about the people from the colony we are taking over.
Regardless if you think we are an eagle or a turkey (refer to the last 2 slides) • Where is the U.S. thinking of expanding to? (obviously we are eagles) • Latin America • Islands of the Pacific • China
Let’s do a review • What is Imperialism?- It is creating empires by dominating weaker nations. • Our first act of imperialism came in 1867 with the buying of ______ from Russia.
The Good the Bad and the Ugly of Imperialism • The Good- we have good relations with other countries that we are trading with. • The Bad- dealing with other countries can get you into political and military problems. • The Ugly- Wars
And speaking of wars… • There are many brewing in Latin America. • That would be South America and Central America combined.
Unrest • Chile- A mob attacks and kills U.S. sailors • Rebellion in Brazil • Boundary dispute between Great Britain and Venezuela
Cuba, Cuba, Cubaor Havana Nights • Cuban rebellion with Spain in 1895, because the Cuban economy had collapsed. • This would lead the United States into the Spanish-American war. • A small but important war is about to begin.
What is Spain going to do?¿qué España va a hacer? • They see Cubans rebelling • Spain sends in troops and puts almost 500,000 people into guarded camps. • Very little food and sanitation • 200,000 dead in 2 years
What is the U.S. to do? • Cuban exile and journalist Jose Marti wants the U.S. to intervene. • The U.S. refuses • It is to expensive
Cubans do not want to take no for an answer. • So they destroy some sugar plantations owned by U.S. investors. • So now American businessmen are pressuring the government to act.
These two men enter the picture Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst
Yellow Journalism • Hearst and Pulitzer are newspaper rivals. • They both begin to write exaggerated stories about what was happening in Cuba. • Newspaper circulation goes up, and their profits do too.
So now all these newspaper readers want the U.S. to take action- and the businessmen want action too. What will the White House do?
The U.S. sides with Cuba Our goal- to free Cuba from Spain
Let’s review again • How did newspapers play a role in U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War? • What is Imperialism? • What is the good, the bad and the ugly of imperialism? • What is our goal in the Spanish-American War? To free Cuba from ________.
The Spanish-American War begins • President McKinley moves battleships in to protect U.S. citizens and property.
An unfortunate accident occurs • U.S. battleship “Maine” has an explosion and sinks. • 250 American sailors are dead. • We blame Spain and call for war. • (We know today that it was caused by an on ship fire- Spain had nothing to do with it.)
On the other side of the Pacific • The people of the Philippine Islands are also rebelling against Spain. • The U.S. thinks that this could be a key base to protect its Asian trade. • So now we will fight for Cuba and the Philippine Islands.
The war begins- 1898 • First action is taken in the Philippines. The U.S. defeats the Spanish fleet in 7 short hours. • Admiral Dewey in charge.
Onward to CubaTeddy Roosevelt (a future President) and the “Rough Riders” This group is very diverse. • Known for their charge up San Juan Hill. • 400 die in battle, 2100 from disease.
After all wars there is a treaty • U.S. pays $20 million for the Philippines • Puerto Rico and Guam become territories of the U.S. • Cuba gets independence from Spain but goes under U.S. control for 3 years.
Review • What is Imperialism? • What future President is known for his charge up San Juan Hill? • What country was this charge in? • What 2 countries were we fighting for in the Spanish-American War? • Who were we fighting against?
Problem 1 • Philippines wanted their independence from Spain. • The Spanish-American war gave them their independence from Spain, but not from the U.S. • Now they want their independence from the U.S. • U.S. ignores their wishes • 3 year war begins • 216,000 Filipino rebels and civilians die. • They do not get their independence until 1946.
Problem 2 • Cuba • Under U.S. rule for 3 years • Begins to write its own constitution • U.S. insists on the Platt Amendment, which gives the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. • This remained in force until 1934
Problem 3 • What to do with Puerto Rico? • In an attempt to stem a growing independence movement, the U.S. grants Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship in 1917. • Problem averted. • But we still want more, and to the Pacific we go.
Gains in the Pacific • Hawaii- we need a refueling and repair station- Pearl Harbor would be great. But the queen wants us out of Hawaii. • Dole (a pineapple planter) and the marines remove the queen from power. • Dole proclaims a republic and requests that Hawaii be annexed by the U.S. • 1898 this is approved. • We also gain the harbor at Pago Pago on the island of Samoa.
What else do we want? • U.S. wants access to the Chinese population. • We want an Open Door Policy- an arrangement for equal access to a nations consumers.
Last review • Who did we give U.S. citizenship to in 1917? • Why did we want Hawaii? • What is the Open Door Policy? Is it good or bad?
Wow, are we greedy, helpful, good or bad? The call is yours. • Does this compare with anything we are doing today? • Take a breath, its quiz time.
Question 1 • What is imperialism?
Question 2 • What land did we buy from Russia in 1867 that was rich in natural resources?
Question 3, 4 and 5 • What is a good thing about imperialism? • What is a bad thing about imperialism? • What is the ugly?
Question 6 • How did newspapers influence our participation in the Spanish-American War?
Question 7, 8 and 9 • What 2 countries were we fighting for in the Spanish-American War? • Who were we fighting against?
Question 10 • What future President is known for his charge up San Juan Hill with the “Rough Riders”?
Question 11 • What was our reason for wanting Hawaii?
Question 12 • What is the Open Door Policy?
Part 1 over • Don’t forget this stuff • You will be retested next time
