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Two examples. The Pantheon – Rome. The Pantheon – Rome Then the recipe for Concrete was lost. We need bundles of 10 14 nanotubes. Defects will not propagate among the straws. We need to make them meters long. Man’s greatest Enemy. 2.7 million deaths this year.
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The Pantheon – Rome Then the recipe for Concrete was lost
The embargo on DDT has condemned 2.7 million (mainly children) to death this year
DNA Sequencing • Genetic Fingerprinting • Liquid Crystal Displays • ATP synthase • Haemoglobin • Birth Control Pill • Penicillin • Anti-malaria drugs • Molecular Computing • Ozone Hole discovery • Virus structures • Platinum anti cancer drugs • Nike shoes polymers • Shampoo • Sewage Treatment • Washing up bowls • Haber Process • Materials defects • Catalysis (35%GNP) • Silicon chip • Polymers • Glass • Pharma Industry • Liquified Gases N2 O2 • Pole vaulter pole • Hip joints • Bikes • Skateboards
DNA Sequencing Genetic Fingerprinting Liquid Crystal Displays ATP synthase Haemoglobin Birth Control Pill Penicillin Anti-malaria drugs Molecular Computing Ozone Hole discovery Virus structures Platinum anti cancer drugs Nike shoes polymers Shampoo Sewage Treatment Washing up bowls Haber Process Materials defects Catalysis (35%GNP) Silicon chip Polymers Glass Pharma Industry Liquified Gases N2 O2 Pole vaulter pole Hip joints Bikes Skateboards
DNA Sequencing • Genetic Fingerprinting • Liquid Crystal Displays • ATP synthase • Haemoglobin • Birth Control Pill • Penicillin • Anti-malaria drugs • Molecular Computing • Ozone Hole discovery • Virus structures • Platinum anti cancer drugs • Nike shoes polymers • Shampoo Sewage Treatment Washing up bowls Haber Process Materials defects Catalysis (35%GNP) Silicon chip Polymers Glass Pharma Industry Liquified Gases N2 O2 Pole vaulter pole Hip joints
Avogadro’s Number • Size of an atom • Dalton – atomicity • Balmer Series • Bohr Atom • Pasteur chirality • 3D molecule tetrahedral molecule • Angular momentum > spdf > Periodic Table • X ray crystallography • Electronic structure • DNA measurement laser optical analogue • Chemical shift in nmr • The structure of benzene • Molecular spectroscopy HCl length of chemical bond • The potential curve • energy of a bond H2 • Reaction Intermediates A + B > [C] > products • Reaction coordinate • Polymers • Molecular Machines Haemoglobin ATP synthase
The limit to the strength of a particular material is the Defect and how they may be overcome