政论文的翻译

1. 政论文的翻译 ——如何翻译政论文

2. 一、什么是政论文 • 政论文是一种议论，说理的文章。 • 这种文章都有一定的政治倾向。 • 作者针对当时现实中各种重大的政治问题和社会问题，从一定的立场出发，阐明自己的见解和主张；赞成什么，反对什么，是非常鲜明的。 • 为了使别人接受自己的观点和主张，还常常运用各种积极的修辞手段，以增强感染力。

3. 二、政论文的范围 • 革命领袖有关政治的文章,报告,演说; • 党政机关,政治团体的宣言,声明; • 报刊杂志的政治性社论,思想评论,国际时事评论以及编辑部文章等 • 凡是对时政问题进行议论说理的文章,都可以属于政论文的范畴.

4. 三、政论文的特点 • 一定的政治倾向 • 讲求确切,严谨,鲜明,富有鼓动性. 句式结构变化多样，重整体布局，重修辞。 • 修辞特征：兼有科技语体和文艺语体的某些特点,把科学的论证和形象的描绘交织在一起,形成自己独特的风格. • 在运用语言材料上要求准确性,严密性同生动性,形象性密切结合起来。 • 科学作品中特有的表达方式,如图表,符号,公式等,在政论文中可以适当地加以运用.文艺作品中常用的比喻,对偶,排比,婉言,反语,设问等修辞方式,政论文中也可以自由运用.

5. 四、翻译政论文的要点 • 总体要求：忠实确切地表达原作的思想内容,保持原作的修辞色彩,使译文能起到与原文相同的宣传鼓动作用.

6. 1、 忠实原作政治思想内容。 • 必须忠实于作者的政治观点.译者必须忠实地表达出原作者鲜明的政治观点,对原作的立场,所论述的方针,政策不允许有丝毫歪曲篡改,一词一句都必须仔细推敲,认真选择.

7. 2、义 切 词 严 ,爱 憎 分 明 • 义切词严是指掌握好政治分寸.注意谴词造句的严谨与否. • 政论文用词的语义深度,句意或轻或重,反映了作者的立功和态度. 译者在谴词造句时,应在透彻理解原文的基础上，认真揣摩,仔细推敲,该重则重,该轻则轻

8. 3、概 念 同 一 • 术语的准确与统一, 直接影响到逻辑关系的严密.一个名词和词组在同一篇文章里或不同的文章里多次使用,如果表示同一个概念,论述同一个事物,那么 这个名词或词组的译名要始终保持同一 性.

9. 4、逻辑严谨 • 通读原文，抓住中心，分析文章的谋篇布局的脉落，理清作者逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法，可以避免翻译时断章取义，造成逻辑错误。

10. 例：（摘自邓小平1992年在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点。英文出自中共中央马恩列斯著作编译室翻译出版的《邓小平文选（英文版）》第三卷。）例：（摘自邓小平1992年在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点。英文出自中共中央马恩列斯著作编译室翻译出版的《邓小平文选（英文版）》第三卷。） • 要坚持两手抓，一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击各种犯罪活动。这两只手都要硬。打击各种经济犯罪活动，扫除各种丑恶现象，手软不得。广东二十年赶上亚洲“四小龙”，不仅经济要上去，社会秩序、社会风气也要搞好，两个文明建设都要超过他们，这才是有中国特色的社会主义。新加坡的社会秩序算是好的，他们管得严，我们应当借鉴他们的经验，而且比他们管得更好。

11. There are two tasks we have to keep working at: on the one hand, the reform and opening process, and on the other, the crackdown on crime. We must be steadfast with regard to both. In combating crime and eliminating social evils, we must not be soft. Guangdong is trying to catch up with Asia’s “four little dragons” in 20 years, not only in terms of economic growth, but also in terms of improved public order and general social conduct---that is, we should surpass them in both  material and ethical progress. Only that can be considered building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Thanks to a strict administration, Singapore has good public order. We should learn from its experience and surpass it in this respect.

12. 开放以后，一些腐朽的东西也跟着进来了，中国的一些地方也出现了丑恶的现象，如吸毒、嫖娼、经济犯罪等。要注意很好地抓，坚决取缔和打击，决不能任其发展。新中国成立以后，只花了三年时间，这些东西就一扫而光。吸鸦片、吃白面，世界上谁能消灭得了？国民党办不到，资本主义办不到。事实证明，共产党能够消灭丑恶的东西。开放以后，一些腐朽的东西也跟着进来了，中国的一些地方也出现了丑恶的现象，如吸毒、嫖娼、经济犯罪等。要注意很好地抓，坚决取缔和打击，决不能任其发展。新中国成立以后，只花了三年时间，这些东西就一扫而光。吸鸦片、吃白面，世界上谁能消灭得了？国民党办不到，资本主义办不到。事实证明，共产党能够消灭丑恶的东西。

13. Since China opened its doors to the outside world, decadent things have come in along with the others, and evils such as drug abuse, prostitution and economic crimes have emerged in some areas. Special attention must be paid to these evils, and resolute measures must be taken to stamp them out and prevent them from spreading. After the founding of New China, it took only three years to wipe these things out. Who in this world has ever been able to eliminate the abuse of opium and heroin? Neither the Kuomintang nor the capitalist countries. But facts have shown that the Communist Party was able to do it.

14. 在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。对干部和共产党员来说，廉政建设要作为大事来抓。还要靠法制，搞法制靠得住些。总之，只要我们的生产力发展，保持一定的经济增长速度，坚持两手抓，社会主义精神文明就可以搞上去。在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。对干部和共产党员来说，廉政建设要作为大事来抓。还要靠法制，搞法制靠得住些。总之，只要我们的生产力发展，保持一定的经济增长速度，坚持两手抓，社会主义精神文明就可以搞上去。

15. Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption. Cadres and Party members should consider it of prime importance to build a clean government. But we still have to rely on the law, which provide a firm guarantee. In short, so long as we develop our productive forces, maintain a reasonable economic growth rate, promote reform and opening and, at the same time, crack down on crime, we shall be able to build a socialist society with advanced ethical standards.

16. 政论文翻译注意的问题 • 1 了解文章的写作意图及写作背景。 • 2 透彻理解原文，准确把握词意，慎重 选词择句。 • 3 通读原文全文，抓住中心论点，分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉落，理清作者逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法。 • 4 弄清作者的立场，观点。搞清文章的出发点，力避歪曲事实。

17. 我们高兴地看到，一年来以董建华先生为首的特区政府施政有方，积极致力于香港居民普遍关注的民生问题，稳健地处理内外事务，沉着地应付各种挑战，特别是为抵御亚洲金融风波对香港的冲击进行了卓有成效的工作。特区政府成立以后，行政，立法，司法机关运作正常，公务员队伍保持稳定。我们高兴地看到，一年来以董建华先生为首的特区政府施政有方，积极致力于香港居民普遍关注的民生问题，稳健地处理内外事务，沉着地应付各种挑战，特别是为抵御亚洲金融风波对香港的冲击进行了卓有成效的工作。特区政府成立以后，行政，立法，司法机关运作正常，公务员队伍保持稳定。

18. 最近，又顺利地进行了第一届立法会的选举，使香港民主进程向前迈出重要一步。所有这些， 都显示出香港特区政府具有管理香港社会，驾御复杂局势的智慧和能力。 中央政府对你们取得的显著政绩表示满意和赞赏。 事实有力地证明了邓小平先生关于“香港人是能治理好香港”的论断是完全正确的。

19. We note with pleasure that the HKSAR Government headed by Mr. Tung Chee Hwa has administered Hong Kong capably and effectively over the past year in vigorously resolving issues relating to the welfare and well being of Hong Kong residents that are of universal concern in HK, handling the internal and external affairs steadily and surely and taking up challenges calmly, in particular, in fending off the impact of Asian Financial turbulence.

20. Since the establishment of the SAR Government, the executive, legislative and judicial bodies in HK, have been functioning smoothly with a stable civil servants team. The election for the first legislative council went along smoothly not long ago, which is an important step forward in the democratic process in HK.

21. All this testified to the wisdom and the capacity of the SAR Government in administering the HK society and managing complex situations . The central government hereby expresses its satisfaction and appreciation for the remarkable achievements that you have made. Facts are a convincing testimony to the sound assertion made by Mr. Deng Xiao Ping that “Hong Kong people can administer Hong Kong well”.

22. The idea that there is one people in possession of the truth, one answer to the world’s ills, or one solution to humanity’s needs, has done untold harm throughout history---especially in the last century. Today, however, even amidst continuing ethnic conflict around the world, there is a growing understanding that human diversity is both the reality that makes dialogue necessary, and the very basis for that dialogue.

23. 有种观点认为，真理只掌握在一国人民手中，消除世界弊端的答案只有一种，或是满足人类需要的办法只有一个。 这种想法在整个历史进程中，特别是在上个世纪带来了无尽的祸害。 然而,今天，虽然世界各地仍在不断发生着种族冲突，人们已越来越认识到人类的多样性。这一认识，不仅作为一种现实情况让对话变得必要，而且构成了对话的真正基础。

24. 2004年，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想伟大旗帜，团结奋进，锐意创新，社会主义现代化事业取得令人鼓舞的重大成就。2004年，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想伟大旗帜，团结奋进，锐意创新，社会主义现代化事业取得令人鼓舞的重大成就。 　　过去一年，我们是在应对新的挑战和考验中前进的。党中央、国务院审时度势，及时作出了加强宏观调控的决策和部署，按照果断有力、适时适度、区别对待、注重实效的原则，综合运用经济、法律手段和必要的行政手段，着力解决影响经济平稳较快发展的突出问题。经过全国上下共同努力，宏观调控取得明显成效。经济运行中不稳定不健康因素得到抑制，薄弱环节得到加强，避免了经济大的起落。

25. 一年来的成就集中表现在：经济保持平稳较快发展，综合国力进一步增强；改革取得重要进展，对外开放实现新突破；社会事业加快发展，人民生活继续改善。2004年，国内生产总值达到13．65万亿元，比上年增长9．5％；财政收入2．63万亿元，增长21．4％；社会消费品零售总额5．4万亿元，增长13．3％；进出口贸易总额1．15万亿美元，增长35．7％，由上年居世界第四位上升为第三位；城镇新增就业980万人，超过预期目标；城镇居民人均可支配收入9422元，农村居民人均纯收入2936元，扣除价格因素，分别实际增长7．7％和6．8％。这些成就，标志着我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。一年来的成就集中表现在：经济保持平稳较快发展，综合国力进一步增强；改革取得重要进展，对外开放实现新突破；社会事业加快发展，人民生活继续改善。2004年，国内生产总值达到13．65万亿元，比上年增长9．5％；财政收入2．63万亿元，增长21．4％；社会消费品零售总额5．4万亿元，增长13．3％；进出口贸易总额1．15万亿美元，增长35．7％，由上年居世界第四位上升为第三位；城镇新增就业980万人，超过预期目标；城镇居民人均可支配收入9422元，农村居民人均纯收入2936元，扣除价格因素，分别实际增长7．7％和6．8％。这些成就，标志着我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。

26. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups held high the great banners of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, worked together in an innovative spirit, and made major achievements worth celebrating in the socialist modernization drive in 2004.

27. After sizing up the situation, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council promptly made decisions and arrangements for strengthening macro regulation. Acting on the principles of adopting resolute and effective measures, taking timely and appropriate steps, dealing with problems individually and stressing practical results, they worked to solve prominent problems threatening steady and rapid economic development through a combination of economic and legal means, plus administrative means when necessary.

28. Thanks to the concerted efforts of the whole nation, their macro regulation achieved significant results. Destabilizing, unsound factors threatening economic performance were contained, weak links were strengthened, and large economic fluctuations were avoided.

29. The main achievements over the past year were: the economy maintained steady and rapid development, overall national strength increased, significant progress was made in our reform, breakthroughs were achieved in opening up, social development was accelerated, and people's lives improved. China's GDP in 2004 reached 13.65 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year. Government revenue came to 2.63 trillion yuan, up 21.4%. Retail sales of consumer goods totaled 5.4 trillion yuan, up 13.3%.

30. The volume of imports and exports totaled US$ 1.15 trillion, an increase of 35.7%, moving China up to third place in the world from fourth in the previous year. Some 9.8 million urban residents entered the workforce for the first time, a figure that exceeded the target. Urban per capita disposable income grew by 7.7% in real terms, and rural per capita net income rose by 6.8% in real terms. All of the above shows that China has taken another solid step forward on the road of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

31. 美国国务院3月8日发表的《2005年国别人权报告》，无视自身糟糕的人权纪录，又一次以“世界人权法官”自居，对包括中国在内的190多个国家和地区的人权状况指手划脚，惟独对自己严重侵犯人权的问题闭口不谈。为了帮助世人看清美国“人权卫士” 的真实面目，有必要对美国过去一年来侵犯人权的情况作一全面的透视。

32. On March 8, the U.S. Department of State, posing once again as "the world's judge of human rights," released its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2005. As in previous years, the State Department pointed the finger at human rights situations in more than 190 countries and regions, including China, but kept silent on the serious violations of human rights in the United States. To help people realize the true features of this self-styled "guardian of human rights," it is necessary to probe into the human rights abuses in the United States in 2005.

33. 从以上事实可以看出，美国糟糕的人权纪录不仅与其自我标榜的“人权大国”的神话形成鲜明的对照，而且与美国的经济社会发展水平和国际地位极不相称。美国政府在人权问题上理应先清理自己的门户，根本没有资格对其他国家颐指气使、发号施令。从以上事实可以看出，美国糟糕的人权纪录不仅与其自我标榜的“人权大国”的神话形成鲜明的对照，而且与美国的经济社会发展水平和国际地位极不相称。美国政府在人权问题上理应先清理自己的门户，根本没有资格对其他国家颐指气使、发号施令。

34. The facts listed above show a poor human rights record of the United States, which forms not only a sharp contrast with its image of a self-claimed "advocate of human rights," but also disaccord with its level of economic and social development and international status. The U.S. government ought to first clean up its own record of human rights before qualifying itself to comment on human rights situations in other countries, let alone arrogantly telling them what to do.

35. 美国一向自诩为“民主的典范”，不断向世界兜售其民主模式。实际上，美国的“民主”始终是少数富人的民主，是“有钱人的游戏”。美国一向自诩为“民主的典范”，不断向世界兜售其民主模式。实际上，美国的“民主”始终是少数富人的民主，是“有钱人的游戏”。

36. The United States has always boasted itself as the "model of democracy" and hawked its mode of democracy to the rest of the world. In fact, American "democracy" is always one for the wealthy and a "game for the rich."

37. 政论文中的用语往往体现着我国的时事政策方针，关系到国家的政治、民主、外交、经济、军事利益，这种严肃性就要求政论文的译者首先必须具有高度的政治敏感并站稳政治立场。政论文中的用语往往体现着我国的时事政策方针，关系到国家的政治、民主、外交、经济、军事利益，这种严肃性就要求政论文的译者首先必须具有高度的政治敏感并站稳政治立场。 • 对于重要的有政治含义的词句，必须要把握好分寸。

38. 台湾问题 • Taiwan issue （误） • Taiwan question （正） • “issue” means a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties.

39. 中国大陆 • Mainland China （误） • “China’s mainland” or “the mainland of China” （正）

40. The future of Taiwan lies in its reunification with the mainland. （误） The future of Taiwan lies in the reunification of the motherland.（正） 台湾前途系于祖国统一

41. To be master in their own house To be the master of their own house To be masters of their own country …respect…their wish to be among the masters of our country 尊重台湾人民当家做主的愿望

42. 中国的经济是一个大问题 • China’s economy is a big problem. • China’s economy is an important question.

43. To build a relatively comfortable society across the country To build a well-off society in an all-round way 全面建设小康社会

44. Export-oriented economy Internationally-oriented economy Outward-looking economy 外向型经济

45. Permanent tenure of office The system of Party congresses with regular annual conferences 党的代表大会常任制

46. To be ready to accept a higher or lower position To form a dynamic personnel mechanism under which we can gather large numbers of talented people, put them to the best use and get them prepared for both promotion and demotion 形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制

47. Social forces Encourage non-governmental sectors to run schools 鼓励社会力量办学

48. Able to fight and win and never degenerate Able to fight and win and always maintain its political color 打得赢、不变质

49. 要把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来要把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来 • To integrate the momentum of reform and the speed of development with the sustainability of the general public • To take into full consideration the momentum of reform and the speed of development and the capacity of the general public to cope with changes • To balance the momentum of reform and the speed of development against the resilience of the general public

50. 浓厚的中国特色 • 政论文既然涉及中国社会生活、时事政治、经济文化的方方面面，其中的很多用语都是中国特有的，这样的例子在报刊中随处可见。 如：“三讲”“两手抓，两手都要硬”“文化搭台，经济唱戏”“菜篮子工程”“安居工程”“豆腐渣工程”等等。