Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

1. Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Unit 3: Delivering Healthcare (Part 2) Other Outpatient Services

2. Laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens • May be associated with a hospital or be freestanding • The testing may be done in a location remote to the location where specimen was obtained Outpatient Laboratories Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

3. Anatomical Pathology • Histopathology – studies whole tissues • Cytopathology – at the cellular level • Electron microscopic pathology • Surgical Pathology • Chemical pathology (clinical chemistry) • General chemistry • Endocrinology • Immunology • Toxicology What Can Laboratories Do? Pathology Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

4. Hematopathology • Diseases of blood cells • Traditional microscopy • Immunohistochemisty • Flow cytometry • Molecular diagnostic tests • Blood banking - Transfusion medicine • Cytogenetics Pathology (continued) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

5. Clinical microbiology – study of microorganisms • The lab may use culture methods to grow and identify organisms • Forensic pathology • Specialized laboratory for medical and legal issues • Molecular pathology • Development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human tumors • Design and validation of predictive biomarkers Pathology (continued) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

6. Radiology – branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose or treat diseases • Radiologists – physicians who specialize in radiology • Outpatient radiology services may be housed within a hospital or may be freestanding Radiology services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

7. Diagnostic radiology • X rays • First X-ray taken by Wilhelm Röentgen in 1895 (his wife’s hand) Radiology services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

8. Diagnostic radiology • Computerized Tomography (CT) scans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans • Ultrasound • Mammography • Bone density tests • Nuclear medicine tests Radiology services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

9. Interventional radiology – invasive tests • Angiography • Teleradiology allows radiologists to review images remotely • Technology allows images to be archived and retrieved at multiple sites – Picture Archiving and Communication System or PACS Radiology services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

10. Home health care (domiciliary care, home care) • Care provided at the patient’s home • Physician house calls • Nurse visits • Home Health Aides • Help with activities of daily living (ADLs) Ancillary Services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

11. Hospice care • For patients whose life expectancy is not expected to exceed 6 months (terminally ill patients) • Palliative care outside the hospital • At hospice institutions • At home • Multidisciplinary team for care Ancillary Services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

12. Physical therapy • Maintains function after injury or illness • Occupational therapy • Helps patients maintain occupation • Speech therapy • Helps patients recover from diseases that affect speech • Care provided by ancillary staff Ancillary Services Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010