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KEY CONCEPT Humans appeared late in Earth’s history.

KEY CONCEPT Humans appeared late in Earth’s history. . Humans share a common ancestor with other primates. Primates are mammals with flexible hands and feet, forward-looking eyes and enlarged brains. Prosimians are the oldest living primates. They are mostly small and nocturnal.

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KEY CONCEPT Humans appeared late in Earth’s history.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Humans appeared late in Earth’s history.

  2. Humans share a common ancestor with other primates. • Primates are mammals with flexible hands and feet, forward-looking eyes and enlarged brains.

  3. Prosimians are the oldest living primates. • They are mostly small and nocturnal. • Primates evolved into prosimians and anthropoids.

  4. Anthropoids are humanlike primates. • They are subdivided into the New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids. • Homonoids are divided into hominids, great apes, and lesser apes. • Hominids include living and extinct humans.

  5. foraging • carrying infants and food • using tools • Walking upright hasimportant adaptiveadvantages. • Bipedal means walking on two legs.

  6. There are many fossils of extinct hominids. • Most hominids are either the genus Australopithecus or Homo. • Australopithecines were a successful genus. • The Homo genus first evolved 2.4 million years ago.

  7. Australopithecus afarensis Homo habilis Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens Modern humans arose about 200,000 years ago. • Homo sapiens fossils date to 200,000 years ago. • Human evolution is influenced by a tool-based culture. • There is a trend toward increased brain size in hominids.

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