Provocative Thoughts on the Future of Connected Vehicles

1. Caltrans Improves Mobility Across California Provocative Thoughts on the Future of Connected Vehicles Greg Larson Division of Research and Innovation California Department of Transportation Thank you for inviting me to speak to you todayThank you for inviting me to speak to you today

2. In-Vehicle Systems: Embedded � installed by the manufacturer while the vehicle is being assembled Retro-Fit � installed after assembly, typically by an authorized dealer, with warranty After-Market � devices that are installed by the owner; may only need a power connection, but might also plug into the OBD II port for enhanced capabilities �Brought-In� � devices that we already carry with us when we travel, such as Smart Phones with GPS, voice recognition, and text-to-speech capability

3. �Data� is not the same as �Information� This point is not just about semantics Data from just a single vehicle is not useful! Decisions are based on information, not data Data from multiple sources must be processed into information to be useful The main issue is where this processing takes place, since it requires resources Information must be accurate, timely, and reliable

4. �Vehicles� does not just mean �Cars� To date, the IntelliDrive Program has focused almost exclusively on cars Bus and Commercial Truck fleets could be early adopters of this technology Based on open architecture (SAE J1939) Added cost of equipment is negligible Fleet Operators are more willing to pay for improved performance Fleets benefit from having professional drivers and high-quality maintenance

5. Not all �Travelers� are �Drivers� To date, the IntelliDrive Program has focused on drivers Transit Riders can also benefit from real-time traveler information �Next Bus� real-time arrival information Connection Information, across modes �Next Stop� alerts for riders Travel Time estimates, across modes Smart Parking at transit stations Trip cost Carbon Footprint Calculators

6. Our Machines should work harder for Us! Why should the traveler have to ask for information that already exists? Traffic and Transit information is available in databases, but we still have to ask for it This is the weakness of 511 and other similar services Does not have to be tied to a navigation system!

7. �Alerts� are not the same as �Warnings� The main difference for drivers is the �time horizon� �Warnings� imply that immediate action is necessary �Alerts� have a longer time horizon, along the lines of improved �situational awareness� �Pre-Trip Planning� employs strategies before beginning the trip To address end-of-queue crashes, alerts based on 3G communications give way to warnings based on V2V DSRC as the time horizon shrinks

8. Do not under-estimate the value of �I2V� V2V for safety � �Heartbeat� Messages V2I for mobility � �Vehicle Probe Data� I2V for safety and mobility � Signal Violation Warning and In-Vehicle Messaging; Speed Harmonization

9. Local Transportation Agencies are Critical for Success! In California, 90% of the roadways are owned by 58 counties and 400 cities In Virginia, the state and local roles are just the opposite Most local agencies know nothing about Connected Vehicles; Outreach is needed! Public Infrastructure is expensive to install, operate, and maintain; minimize, if possible

10. California Demographics Population: 37 Million people One out of every eight Americans lives in California 22 Million licensed drivers 24 Million registered vehicles Sixth - Eighth largest economy in the world Trend-setters; early adopters of new technologies

11. Safety Challenges in California 1 Million vehicle crashes each year 210,000 are injury-crashes 4,000 Fatalities 300,000 Injuries About 25% of fatalities occur at intersections Another 25% are lane/roadway departures Total Cost: about $25 Billion per year The total cost includes Property Damage Both of these types of crashes can be reduced by implementing VIIThe total cost includes Property Damage Both of these types of crashes can be reduced by implementing VII

12. Mobility Demands in California 280 Billion Vehicle-Miles-Traveled/year State Highway System: 52,000 lane-miles 10% of the roadways in California Carries 60% of the VMT It is the Lifeline of our economy 46 hours of delay/year/driver (US); 90 hours (Calif) 560,000 hours of delay on ave. each day 30% of this delay is caused by incidents Total Cost: more than $21 Billion per year Cost is based on lost productivity and wasted fuelCost is based on lost productivity and wasted fuel