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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION. 29 CFR 1910.134. RESPIRATOR PROGRAM. Requires a written program with work-specific procedures when respirators are needed Must keep written program updated as needed A program administrator is required

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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

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  1. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 29 CFR 1910.134

  2. RESPIRATOR PROGRAM • Requires a written program with work-specific procedures when respirators are needed • Must keep written program updated as needed • A program administrator is required • Employer must provide respirators, training, and medical evaluations at no cost to employees

  3. Proper selection Medical evaluation Proper use Care/maintenance Fit testing Breathing air quality Training Program evaluation PROGRAM ELEMENTS

  4. WHEN RESPIRATORS ARE USED BUT NOT REQUIRED • If respirators will not create hazard and if requested, employer may furnish respirators for “comfort” only use • If approved, employees may wear their own respirators for comfort only, but must follow program requirements • Voluntary use of filtering masks has reduced program requirements

  5. PERMISSIBLE PRACTICES • Engineering controls (enclosures, confinement of operations, ventilation, use of less toxic materials) are primary means to control hazards • When effective engineering controls are not available, respirators will be used • Respirators will be applicable to and suitable for the purpose intended • Employer will be responsible for program

  6. SELECTION • Based on the respiratory hazards to which the worker is exposed, workplace factors, and user factors that affect respirator performance and reliability • Respirators will be selected from a sufficient number of models and sizes to ensure correct fit and comfort

  7. TRAINING • Employers (managers and supervisors) must provide appropriate and effective training to employees who are required to use respirators

  8. TRAINING • Employees must be trained and demonstrate skill or knowledge of at least: • Why use is necessary • How improper use and care can compromise respirator effectiveness • Limitations and capabilities • How to put on, remove, use, and inspect • How to maintain and store • General requirements of the standard

  9. TRAINING • Training must be provided prior to use • Retraining is required at least annually, and whenever: • Prior training becomes obsolete • Employee’s skill or knowledge is deemed inadequate • Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary

  10. EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE • Exposure to a concentration of an airborne contaminant that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protection

  11. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION • That portion of a respirator that forms the protective barrier between the user’s respiratory tract and contaminated air • May be a facepiece, helmet, or hood • May be tight fitting or loose fitting

  12. HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES • Oxygen deficient or rich • Toxic • Environmental pollution • Combination • Flammable • Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)

  13. OXYGEN DEFICIENT • An atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% (normal is 20.9%) • Spaces where oxygen may be depleted (confined spaces, boilers, tanks) • Space where decomposition of organic material (sewers, silos, basements)

  14. CONTAMINATED • Particles • Gases • Fumes • Vapors • Mists

  15. TWO RESPIRATOR TYPES • Air purifying - Removes contaminates before reaching breathing zone • Atmosphere supplying - Provides fresh air from an external source

  16. AIR PURIFYING • Particulates • Vapor and gas • Combination • Replaceable cartridge(s) or canister(s)

  17. AIR PURIFYING LIMITATIONS • Does not supply oxygen • Contaminant must be known and cannot exceed use limitations • Non-IDLH use only • Oxygen-deficient is IDLH • Unknown airborne concentrations must be considered to be IDLH

  18. ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING • Type 1 - Airline respirator • Type 2 - SCBA

  19. AIRLINE RESPIRATOR • Has a pressure demand nozzle that allows user to control air flow • Use grade D breathing air • May be used with a hood or helmet to supply continuous air • Hose limited to 300 feet • Some mobility restriction

  20. SCBA • Expensive to purchase and maintain’ • Breathing air provided from pressurized tanks • Provides highest level of protection and mobility • Commonly used in rescue or emergency situations • Limited to air in tanks (30 or 60 minutes) • Positive pressure provides maximum protection for both oxygen deficient and IDLH • Standard requires fit testing of mask

  21. SELECTION • Must fit the wearer and be comfortable • Must be the type which best abates the hazards • Atmosphere hazard evaluation determines selection

  22. WRITTEN PLAN • The program must be be assigned to a trained and competent person • Describes in detail the hazard evaluation • Contains procedures for selection, use, and maintenance

  23. WRITTEN PLAN • Contains results of analysis of atmospheric contaminants • Physical and chemical properties • Adverse health effects • Warning properties • Permissible exposure limits (PELS) • Other accepted exposure limits

  24. WRITTEN PLAN • Additional plan criteria • Results of workplace atmospheric testing • Work requiring respirator use • Time expected to complete the task • Written plan to be made available to all involved employees

  25. FIT TESTING • Before an employee uses any respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator that will be used • Must be administered using an OSHA accepted protocol

  26. FIT TESTING • Respirators rely on face-to-mask seal • Fit testing determines which device will best fit and seal • Stubble, beard, hairlines, glasses, and goggles will negatively affect fit • Corrective lenses may be mounted inside the facepiece

  27. FIT TEST PROCEDURES • Fit testing should be conducted annually, if facial features change or if a different respirator is used • Users of tight fitting respirators must perform a user seal check each time the respirator is used

  28. TYPES OF FIT TESTING • Qualitative (QLFT) – A challenge agent, vapor, or aerosol released • Fit is inadequate if a presence of the agent is detected (irritation, taste, or odor) • Quantitative (QNFT) - Measures actual level of agent both inside and outside the respirator

  29. FIT FACTOR • A quantitative estimate of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific individual • Ratio of: • Concentration of a substance in ambient air • Concentration of a substance inside the respirator

  30. FIT TESTING • QLFT may only be used to fit test negative pressure air purifying respirators that achieve a fit factor of 100 or less • A fit factor of at least 100 for tight- fitting half facepieces, or 500 for tight-fitting full facepieces from a QNFT is acceptable

  31. HEPA FILTERS • High efficiency particulate air • Removes 99.97% of particles that are 0.3 micrometers in diameter • N, R, or P 100

  32. FILTERS/CARTRIDGES • A component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from inspired air • Also called an air purifying cartridge

  33. CANISTER OR CARTRIDGE • A container with a filter, sorbent (catalyst), or combination of these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container

  34. SERVICE LIFE • The period of time that a respirator, filter, sorbent, or other respiratory equipment provides adequate protection to the wearer

  35. END OF SERVICE LIFE INDICATOR (ESLI) • A system that warns the user of the approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection; e.g., sorbent is approaching saturation or is no longer effective

  36. NEGATIVE PRESSURERESPIRATOR • A respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator

  37. FILTERING FACEPIECE • A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece, or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium • “Dust mask” • N, R, or P 95

  38. POSITIVE PRESSURERESPIRATOR • A respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator

  39. POWERED AIR-PURIFYINGRESPIRATOR (PAPR) • An air purifying respirator that uses a blower/motor to force ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering

  40. ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYINGRESPIRATOR • A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere • Includes supplied-air respirators and self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

  41. ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYINGRESPIRATORS • Continuous flow: Provides a continuous flow of breathing air to the respiratory inlet covering • Pressure demand: Admits air to the facepiece when the positive pressure inside the facepiece is reduced by inhalation

  42. SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATOR • An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not carried by the user • Also called airline respirator

  43. SCBA • An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air is designed to be carried by the user

  44. ESCAPE ONLY RESPIRATOR • A respirator designed and intended to be used only for emergency exit

  45. POSITIVE PRESSURE FIT CHECK • Block off exhalation valve with palm • Blow outward gently • A good fit results in the pressure holding and no leaks found

  46. NEGATIVE PRESSURE FIT CHECK • Place palms over the inhalation inlets, or squeeze the breathing tube • Inhale gently - facepiece should collapse slightly • Hold breath about ten seconds • Good test indicated by pressure holding and no leaks found

  47. CONTINUING EFFECTIVENESS • Employees may leave the respirator use area: • To wash face or facepiece • If a “breakthrough” is detected • There is a change in breathing resistance • There is leakage of the facepiece • To replace respirator, filter, cartridge, or canister

  48. MAINTENANCE • Inspection • Decontamination • Storage

  49. INSPECTION • Holes in the filters • Loss of elasticity or tears in headstraps and hoses • Broken or loose connectors and hoses • Cracked or scratched facepieces • Detergent residue • Dirt in valves • General cleanliness

  50. CLEANING/DISINFECTING • Follow manufacturers directions • If worn by only one person, clean and disinfect periodically • If possible to be worn by more than one person, clean and disinfect after each use

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