Body Works Digestion and Respiration

1. Body WorksDigestion and Respiration D. Patterson

2. Lesson 1 Outcome 1: Describe the interaction between food, energy and the 7 life processes.

3. Intro • Watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM_CgOgJGG0

4. Tasks • Read the background information from activity 1. • Use this knowledge, your previous knowledge and the internet to answer questions 1-7

5. Activity 2 • What does a food chain show? • What does a food web show?

6. The sun and decomposers

8. Tasks • From Activity 2, complete questions 1 and 2

9. Journal and Push Yourself • Outcome 1: Describe the interaction between food, energy and the 7 life processes • What is meant by “respiration is an exothermic reaction”?

10. Lesson 2 Outcome 2: List the 7 main food groups and include the sources and function of each.

11. Task • Look at the picture on the next slide and answer the following: • What is the purpose of the picture? • What does it tell you?

13. Task • Research the food group from activity 3 that matches your number. (15 min) • Consolidate your findings with other members of the class with the same food group as you (5 min) • Be prepared to present your findings to the class

14. Journal and Push Yourself • Outcome 2: List the 7 main food groups and include the sources and function of each. • Is there such a thing as too many vitamins and minerals? What can this cause? • Homework: Record what you eat and how much you eat over a 24 hour period

15. Lesson 3 Outcome 3: Define what RDI means and explain which foods help to keep within the RDI

16. Energy in food • The energy obtained from food is measured in kilojoules or calories. • Fat, carbohydrate and protein are the main sources of this energy • 1 gram of carbohydrate supplies 16 kJ of energy • 1 gram of protein supplies 17 kJ of energy • 1 gram of fat supplies 37 kJ of energy • Why is it recommended to eat carbohydrates for energy when fats have a higher energy content per gram?

17. Using energy • A 55kg person will use about 15kJ walking and 40 kJ of energy running for 1 hour • 1 weet bix has

18. Task • Use calorieking.com to determine the amount of energy you get from your diet in a 24 hour period • Answer the following questions: • Which food types had the most calories/kJ and which had the least? • What does RDI stand for? • What is your RDI and how does this change as you get older?

19. “Fad” Diets • Often popularised by the media, fad diets are eating plans with the goal of short term weight loss, without the concern of long term weight loss.

20. Task • Create a fishbone visual organiser that gives an overview of unhealthy eating due to fad diets EFFECT: Unhealthy Eating

21. Journal and Push Yourself • Outcome 3: Define what RDI means and explain which foods help to keep within the RDI • How many vitamins and nutrients do you need in a healthy diet?

22. Lesson 4 Outcome 4: Describe the modes of nutrition for plants and animals

23. Where do plants and animals get their energy?

24. Not always • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7eQKSf0LmY&list=TL-EdSShWJiVk

25. Notes • Plants are usually autotrophic • “auto” means self • “trophic” means to nourish • But plants may also be saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic or insectivorous

26. Task • Research each of the modes of nutrition to find a description and an example: • Saprophytic • Parasitic • Symbiotic • Insectivorous

27. Task • Read through the passage in activity 5. • Answer questions at the end

28. Task • Make a poster which shows one of the modes of nutrition covered today. Make sure it shows: • Title • Diagram showing species involved in mode of nutrition • Description of the mode of nutrition

29. Journal and Push Yourself Outcome 4: Describe the modes of nutrition for plants and animals

30. Lesson 5 Outcome 5: Describe the key stages of the digestive cycle including labelling the relevant organs

31. Task • Digestion is the body’s mechanism of breaking down food to absorb into the blood stream • 1 minute paper. Prepare yourselves to answer the question in only 1 minute! • Question: • What parts of the human body are used for digesting food?

32. Biodigital Human • Show biodigital human digestive system.

33. Task • Take a copy of the “Construct-a-gut” worksheet. • Cut and paste the correct arrangement of the organs of the digestive system. • Label the organs

34. Task • Research the function of each organ in the digestive cycle • Mouth, gall bladder, oesophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, salivary glands, rectum, pancreas, anus • Does it assist with mechanical or chemical digestion? What do these terms mean? • What is the order that food passes through the alimentary canal? Does it pass through all the organs of the digestive system?

35. Stages of digestion • Stage 1: The mouth • Mechanical breakdown of food occurs through chewing • Chemical breakdown of food occurs through enzymes found in saliva • Stage 2: The stomach • Hydochloric acid is used for further chemical breakdown of food into a liquified substance

36. Stages of digestion • Stage 3: The small intestines • Enzymes continue to chemically break down molecules of food. Enzymes come from the liver and pancreas • Nutrients get absorbed into the blood stream by finger like villi on the walls of the intestine. All of these villi increase the surface area to help absorption • Stage 4: The large intestines • Water gets reabsorbed which solidifies the remaining undigested food

37. Stages of digestion • Stage 5: The rectum and anus • Faeces pass through the final stage of the large intestines, and out through the anus. This is the waste product of digestion.

38. Task • Complete questions from Activity 10 (you may skip question 1 if you have already labelled the digestive system)

39. Outcome and Push Yourself • Outcome 5: Describe the key stages of the digestive cycle including labelling the relevant organs • How small are the small intestines, how large are the large intestines?

40. Lesson 6 part 1 Outcome 6: What is the role of enzymes and what conditions are required to make them work?

41. Enzymes - print out questions • Questions: • What is in the stomach that makes it a “cozy place to work in” for the enzymes? • What are enzymes? • What are the common characteristics of enzymes? • Enzymes only act on ____________ of molecule • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4

42. Lock and Key model

43. Task • Answer questions from activity 12 • Answers appeared in the video or may be found in the information in activity 12

44. Outcome and Push Yourself Outcome 6: What is the role of enzymes and what conditions are required to make them work? What are some other types of enzymes, what do they break down and where are they produced?

45. Lesson 6 part 2 Outcome 6: What is the role of enzymes and what conditions are required to make them work?

46. Teacher notes • This experiment takes the whole lesson. • Prepare as much as possible before lesson, get students working on setting up equipment and then talk about hypothesis/ results etc while waiting for outcome

47. Aim • What are the optimum conditions for enzymes, like rennin, to work?

48. Set up your experiment • Make up each of the experiments found in activity 13 Make up one more with a few drops of HCl in.

49. Testing for optimum conditions for enzymes • Experiment 1: How does temperature affect rennin? Test Tube A Boiled Rennin Test Tube B Cold Conditions Test Tube D Warm Conditions

50. Testing for optimum conditions for enzymes • Experiment 2: How does acidity affect rennin? Test Tube C High pH Test Tube D Unchanged pH Test Tube E Low pH This one is not in your book