Chapter 7

1. Chapter 7 Muscular System Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

2. Functions of Muscular System • Body heat to maintain body temperature • Body movement • Body form and shape to maintain posture Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

3. Types of Muscles • Skeletal muscle • Under conscious control • Smooth muscle • Not under conscious control • Cardiac muscle • In the heart only Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

4. Animation – Typesof Muscle Tissue Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

5. Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility • Excitability or irritability • Extensibility • Elasticity Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

6. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Over 650 muscles in the body • Muscles must be attached to bones for leverage • Muscles only pull, never push • Attached to bone by tendons Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

7. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Muscles are attached at both ends • Attachments may be to bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, skin or to each other • Origin and insertion • Prime mover and antagonist • Synergists Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

8. Sources of Energy and Heat • Narrow range of normal body temperature • 98.6 °F to 99.8°F • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) • Need oxygen, glucose, and other material to make • By-product is lactic acid Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

9. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle • Myoneural stimulation • Contraction of muscle proteins Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

10. Effects of Aging • Muscle atrophy • Fibrous tissue replaces the muscle tissue • Decrease in muscular strength and endurance • Loss of energy storage • Fatigue Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

11. Muscle Fatigue • Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles • When not enough oxygen can be transported to oxidize all the glucose • Muscles contract anaerobically • Excess lactic acid causes fatigue and cramps • Need to repay oxygen debt Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

12. Muscle Tone • Muscle tone • Muscles are always slightly contracted and ready to pull • Proper nutrition and regular exercise • Isotonic • Isometric • Atrophy and hypertrophy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

13. Principle Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal or voluntary muscles • Move the skeleton • Also control movement of the eyeballs, eyelids, lips, tongues, and skin Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

14. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Location • Size • Direction • Number of origins • Location of origin and insertion • Not all muscles are named by above method Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

15. Muscles • 656 muscles • 327 antagonistic muscles and two unpaired muscles • Orbicularis oris • Diaphragm Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

16. Muscles • Head muscles • Neck muscles • Trunk and extremity muscles Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

17. Muscles of the Head and Neck • Control expressions • Mastication • Movement of the head Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

18. Muscles • Muscles of the upper extremities • Shoulder, arm and hand movements • Muscles of the trunk • Breathing and movement of the abdomen and pelvis • Muscles of the lower extremities • Thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

19. Exercise • Alters the size, structure, and strength of a muscle • Atrophy • Hypertrophy • Scar formation from injury Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

20. Exercise • Improved coordination • Improved respiratory and circulatory system • Elimination or reduction of excess fat • Improved joint movement Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

21. Exercise • Increase in muscle size • Improved antagonistic muscle coordination • Improved functioning in the cortical brain region, where the nerve impulses that start muscular contraction Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

22. Massage Muscles • Potential health benefits • Terms used in massage therapy to describe type of massage • Location of surface body muscles • Physiotherapy and general massage Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

23. Electrical Stimulation • Passing electrical currents through the skin into the body for therapeutic uses • Stimulate nerve tissue • Do not produce heat or cold • Used in physical therapy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

24. Intramuscular Injections • Deltoid (upper arm) • Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) • Dorsal gluteal or ventral gluteal (buttocks) Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

25. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Muscle atrophy • Muscle strain • Muscle spasm • Myalgia • Hernia Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

26. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Flatfeet (talipes) • Tetanus (lockjaw) • Torticollis (wry neck) • Muscular dystrophy • Myastenia gravis Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

27. Recreational Injuries • Tennis elbow • Shin splints • Rotator cuff disease Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

28. Treatment • Short term treatment for sprains, tears, pulls and other minor muscle of joint injuries • RICE • R – Rest • I – Ice • C – Compression • E – Elevation Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

29. Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov Chiropractic physician & Instructor at Heald College Back in the Game www.bigsportsmed.com