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The Crimean War, 1855-1856. a.k.a. The Final Blow that killed the Congress System. 19 th Century Russia: Towards War. Russia vs. Ottoman Empire: on-going tension Russia supports Greece vs. Turks 1826-1829 Ottoman Empire – decaying Nicholas keeps pushing – what does he want?
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The Crimean War, 1855-1856 a.k.a. The Final Blow that killed the Congress System
19th Century Russia: Towards War • Russia vs. Ottoman Empire: on-going tension • Russia supports Greece vs. Turks • 1826-1829 • Ottoman Empire – decaying • Nicholas keeps pushing – what does he want? • BUT Fr & GB want to keep the “Sick Man” alive – WHY? • 19th cen. missionary movement • Interest in Suez Canal • Trade
The Crimean War – vs. Russian expansion • 1853 – “Eastern Question” – protecting Christians; wants Straits of Constantinople • War (1853-1856) • OE aided by France / Britain /Sardinia-Piedmont; Austria & Prussia remain neutral • Congress of Paris 1856 • Keep Ottoman Empire alive; Black Sea neutral
Significance of Crimean War • 1st European War to be recorded in “real-time” by the press • Horrific conditions of war-time medical facilities prompted reform • Florence Nightingale • Shattered Concert of Europe • Russia – no longer viewed as unstoppable – had to • surrender territory at the mouth of the Danube • recognize the neutrality of the Black Sea • renounce its claims to protect Orthodox Christians in OE • OE moved to reform (see Hatti –i Hümayun)