AADHAAR – India’s experiment with the Universal ID Number

1. AADHAAR – India’s experiment with the Universal ID Number Anit N. Mukherjee National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP), New Delhi Presentation at the Policy Dialogue and South South Learning Event on Long Term Social Protection for Inclusive Growth Johannesburg, October 11-13, 2010

2. Proving identity first step towards accessing public services • UID mandate: • Better public service delivery • Financial inclusion • Transparency • Timeline: 18 months from August 2009 • Target: To cover 600 million in 5 years • Focus: The poorest sections of the population

3. Public Service Delivery • Both Federal and State governments • Overlapping beneficiary sets • Overlapping programs with same target group • Financial Inclusion • Only 5% of India’s population had bank or post office a/c until 2005, increased to 20% now • Less than 10 percent of India’s villages have a bank or post office within 5 km. • Stringent ‘Know Your Customer’ guidelines for new a/c • Transparency • Fragmented data warehouses (Food, Employment, Health) • The ‘IT Curse’

4. Ante-natal Period Supply / Scheme Demand / Need Janani Suraksha Yojana; NRHM components on ante-natal care Neo-natal Period Maternal Health Services; Nutrition; Transport Immunization; NRHM components on neo-natal care Childhood Maternal and Child Health Services Adolescence Integrated Child Development Services; Universal Education; School Feeding Pre-school; School; Nutrition High school; vocational training; higher education Young Adult Scholarship; Credit subsidy for entrepreneurs Working Age and Family Livelihood, food, housing, social and financial services NREGA; SHG; PDS; Indira Awaas Yojana (Housing); NRHM; Old Age Social Safety Net; Pension; Health Old-age pension; widow pension Life Cycle approach to public service delivery

5. Federal / State Schemes Identification Poverty Line Process Engineering Rich Poor Benefit

6. Federal / State Schemes Poverty Line Rich Poor Universal Targeted Identification Easy Difficult Universal + Targeted Benefit

7. Inclusive potential of UID

8. Inclusive potential of UID

9. UID Authority of India will issue numbers, not cards UID  Unique number  Random number Name Parents Gender DoB PoB Address Basic demographic data and biometrics For all Indian residents, voluntary No duplicates due to biometrics Standardized identity attributes Profiling attributes Transaction records Central UID database UID = 1568 3647 4958 Letter with UID # sent to confirm enrolment

10. UIDAI will authenticate UIDs online – anywhere, anytime, anyhow Authentication - ‘Are you who you claim to be?’ 1:1 check, no ID fraud Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy UID = 1568 3647 4958

11. based micropayments for social workers ASHA JSY Beneficiary Health Centre Micro-ATM UID = 1568 3647 4958 1400 to Mother 700 to ASHA

12. Ante-natal Period Supply / Scheme Demand / Need Janani Suraksha Yojana; NRHM components on ante-natal care Neo-natal Period Maternal Health Services; Nutrition; Transport Immunization; NRHM components on neo-natal care Childhood Maternal and Child Health Services Adolescence Integrated Child Development Services; Universal Education; School Feeding Pre-school; School; Nutrition High school; vocational training; higher education Young Adult Scholarship; Credit subsidy for entrepreneurs Working Age and Family Livelihood, food, housing, social and financial services NREGA; SHG; PDS; Indira Awaas Yojana (Housing); NRHM; Old Age Social Safety Net; Pension; Health Old-age pension; widow pension Possibility of process re-engineering, moving from a NREGS type of social protection to a JSY type of conditional cash transfer more in line with Bolsa Familia OR A new hybrid model : rights-based conditional cash transfers

13. Ranjana Sadashiv Sonwane, 40 F Hitesh Sadashiv Sonwane, 5 M

14. Thank You!! www.uidai.gov.in